基于收益管理的高速铁路客票动态定价方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 16:50

【摘要】：据了解,铁路总公司的负债逼近四万亿大关,较上一年度增长近千亿元,这一庞大的债务无疑成为了铁路之殇,高铁之殇。2016年,国务院将高速铁路的自主定价权由发改委下放到铁路总公司,这就进一步加强了铁总的自主经营能力,在这一背景下高速铁路票价的制定问题就成为提高铁路收益的一个有意义的研究课题。收益管理理论是科学的定价方法,国内外在应用收益管理理论的过程中积累了宝贵的经验和许多的成功案例。根据收益管理的思想将高速铁路票价进行动态制定是本文的一个研究重点。首先,本文对于现有定价理论进行了研究,对于我国高速铁路的客票的定价状况进行了介绍和分析,对于运输产品的构成做了多层次的划分这些为论文的研究定下了基调。其次,本文对基于收益管理的客票动态定价的策略和方法进行了深入研究,对动态定价的实施流程进行了设计,对单区间两级票价和多区间多级票价下的席位控制方法进行了研究,将影子定价引用到多区间多级票价的席位控制中,精炼的介绍了席位分布特征的确定方法,这些为下文定量的分析提供了方法。再次,本文建立了多区间多票价等级的席位控制模型通过影子定价法将多区间问题转化成求解单区间的预定限额然后控制座位供应,应用对偶单纯形法确定了各区段的影子价格,并对算例进行了求解,实现了收益的优化;对于票价、存量、需求应用Excel和Matlab进行了多元线性拟合与多元非线性拟合通过检验数据的分析比较确定了基于收益管理的价格函数的形式与相关参数:最终建立了基于收益管理方法的高速铁路动态定价模型,算例结果应用Lingo软件得到并对模型进行了对比分析,说明动态定价模型具有优越性和实际应用意义。最后,就铁路部门成功应用收益管理指导高速铁路票价动态制定提出了建议。
[Abstract]:It is understood that the debts of the Railway Corporation are approaching 4 trillion yuan, an increase of nearly 100 billion yuan compared with the previous year. This huge debt is undoubtedly a martyr of the railway and the high-speed railway. In 2016, the State Council delegated the autonomous pricing power of the high-speed railway from the Development and Reform Commission to the Railway Corporation, which further strengthened the overall autonomous operation capacity of the railway. Revenue management theory is a scientific pricing method, and has accumulated valuable experience and many successful cases in the process of applying revenue management theory at home and abroad. The dynamic formulation is a key point of this paper. Firstly, this paper studies the existing pricing theory, introduces and analyzes the pricing situation of high-speed railway tickets in China, and divides the composition of transport products at different levels. Secondly, this paper sets the tone for the paper based on revenue management. The strategy and method of dynamic pricing of passenger ticket are deeply studied. The implementation process of dynamic pricing is designed. The seat control method under single-interval two-level ticket price and multi-interval multi-level ticket price is studied. The shadow pricing is introduced into the seat control of multi-interval multi-level ticket price, and the seat distribution characteristics are introduced. Thirdly, a multi-interval and multi-fare seat control model is established in this paper. The multi-interval problem is transformed into a single interval reservation quota by shadow pricing method, and then the seat supply is controlled. The shadow price of each section is determined by dual simplex method, and an example is given. For the ticket price, stock, demand, the application of Excel and Matlab multi-linear fitting and multi-nonlinear fitting through the analysis and comparison of test data to determine the form of price function based on revenue management and related parameters: Finally, based on revenue management method of high-speed railway dynamic The pricing model is obtained by Lingo software and compared with the model. The advantages and practical significance of the dynamic pricing model are illustrated. Finally, suggestions are put forward for the successful application of revenue management to guide the dynamic pricing of high-speed railway.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532.5

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