京绥铁路的管理经营及对绥远地区的影响（1905-1937）
发布时间：2018-08-27 06:01
【摘要】：京绥铁路是由北京至绥远的一条通往我国大西北的铁路大动脉,由京张段、张绥段、绥包段三段组成。在京绥铁路修建的同时,相关的组织机构也随之成立。为了便于管理,京绥铁路局把沿途各站分为头等、二等、三等站,并且沿线采取分段管理制度,还专门设立路警,用于维持秩序、维护旅客和货物的安全。铁路通车后,相关人员的需求量也不断提高,有关部门出台了一系列引进人才的措施。京绥铁路通车前期,铁路人员的工作时间、薪金、服装没有统一标准,还出现权责不明的情况,为此,交通部先后颁布了一系列章程用于京绥铁路规范和管理。同时,铁路总局还颁布了养老储金试办章程和强制储金章程,这些举措极大地完善了铁路管理制度,为路政发展提供了保证。军人乘车屡见不法行为,为此,交通部制定了宪兵稽查相关措施,京绥铁路沿线派宪兵或护兵进行稽查,同时还制定了军运和个别军人乘车的规则,用于规范军人行为,维护整个路政秩序和发展。京绥铁路的客车分为三等,与之相对应的客车的种类和票价也有所不同,通车后,方便了人们的出行,也促进了物品的流通,从统计的数据来看,民国初年运送旅客的人数和货物基本上是呈较大幅度上升趋势,整体上盈利颇丰。京绥铁路的通车,对绥远地区产生了深远影响,主要表现在以下几个方面:改变了原来依靠水运、畜力和人力运输方式;对外地的药业进入绥远地区起到了桥梁作用,使得绥远地区的药业在竞争中发展壮大,也促进了绥远地区西医的发展,绥远地区医疗水平也随之提高;改变以前外省商人以晋商为主的格局,促进了铁路沿线绥远地区城镇商业发展;促进了传统行业的快速发展,使得一些行业运用机器生产,同时也促进了新行业的发展壮大,使绥远地区的工业不断发展和迈向现代化;加快了城市的形成和城市建设,如集宁市的形成以及包头的城市建设与京绥铁路的开通密切相关。
[Abstract]:The Beijing-Suiyuan railway is a major railway artery from Beijing to Suiyuan to the northwest of China, which consists of three sections: Beijing-Zhang section, Zhangsui section and Suibao section. At the same time as the Beijing-Suiyuan railway was built, relevant organizations were also established. In order to facilitate management, Jingsui Railway Bureau divides the stations along the way into first-class, second-class and third-class stations, and adopts a piecewise management system along the route, and also sets up road police specially for maintaining order and maintaining the safety of passengers and goods. After the opening of the railway, the demand for related personnel is also increasing, and the relevant departments have issued a series of measures to introduce talents. In the early period of the opening of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, the working hours, salary and clothing of railway personnel were not unified, and the power and responsibility were not clear. Therefore, the Ministry of Communications issued a series of regulations for the regulation and management of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. At the same time, the General Administration of Railways also promulgated the articles of association for the trial operation of the pension fund and the compulsory reserve fund, which greatly improved the railway management system and provided a guarantee for the development of the highway administration. For this reason, the Ministry of Communications has formulated relevant measures for the gendarmerie inspection, sent gendarmes or guards along the Beijing-Suiyuan railway line to carry out inspections, and has also formulated rules for military transportation and individual servicemen to ride by car, which are used to standardize military behavior. Maintain the whole road administration order and development. The passenger cars of the Beijing-Suiyuan railway are divided into three classes, and the types and fares of the corresponding passenger cars are also different. After opening to traffic, it has facilitated the travel of people and promoted the circulation of goods. From the point of view of statistical data, In the early years of the Republic of China, the number of passengers and cargo was on the rise, and the overall profit was quite substantial. The opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway has had a profound impact on the Suiyuan region, mainly in the following aspects: changing the original mode of transportation relying on water, animal power and manpower; and playing a bridge role in the entry of the pharmaceutical industry from other countries into Suiyuan. That makes the pharmaceutical industry in Suiyuan region grow stronger in competition, promotes the development of western medicine in Suiyuan region, and raises the medical level in Suiyuan region, and changes the pattern in which businessmen in other provinces used to focus on Shanxi merchants. It has promoted the development of urban commerce in Suiyuan area along the railway line, promoted the rapid development of traditional industries, made some industries use machine production, and also promoted the development and growth of new industries. The formation and construction of cities, such as Jining City and Baotou City, are closely related to the opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532.9;K26
本文编号：2206331
[Abstract]:The Beijing-Suiyuan railway is a major railway artery from Beijing to Suiyuan to the northwest of China, which consists of three sections: Beijing-Zhang section, Zhangsui section and Suibao section. At the same time as the Beijing-Suiyuan railway was built, relevant organizations were also established. In order to facilitate management, Jingsui Railway Bureau divides the stations along the way into first-class, second-class and third-class stations, and adopts a piecewise management system along the route, and also sets up road police specially for maintaining order and maintaining the safety of passengers and goods. After the opening of the railway, the demand for related personnel is also increasing, and the relevant departments have issued a series of measures to introduce talents. In the early period of the opening of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, the working hours, salary and clothing of railway personnel were not unified, and the power and responsibility were not clear. Therefore, the Ministry of Communications issued a series of regulations for the regulation and management of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. At the same time, the General Administration of Railways also promulgated the articles of association for the trial operation of the pension fund and the compulsory reserve fund, which greatly improved the railway management system and provided a guarantee for the development of the highway administration. For this reason, the Ministry of Communications has formulated relevant measures for the gendarmerie inspection, sent gendarmes or guards along the Beijing-Suiyuan railway line to carry out inspections, and has also formulated rules for military transportation and individual servicemen to ride by car, which are used to standardize military behavior. Maintain the whole road administration order and development. The passenger cars of the Beijing-Suiyuan railway are divided into three classes, and the types and fares of the corresponding passenger cars are also different. After opening to traffic, it has facilitated the travel of people and promoted the circulation of goods. From the point of view of statistical data, In the early years of the Republic of China, the number of passengers and cargo was on the rise, and the overall profit was quite substantial. The opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway has had a profound impact on the Suiyuan region, mainly in the following aspects: changing the original mode of transportation relying on water, animal power and manpower; and playing a bridge role in the entry of the pharmaceutical industry from other countries into Suiyuan. That makes the pharmaceutical industry in Suiyuan region grow stronger in competition, promotes the development of western medicine in Suiyuan region, and raises the medical level in Suiyuan region, and changes the pattern in which businessmen in other provinces used to focus on Shanxi merchants. It has promoted the development of urban commerce in Suiyuan area along the railway line, promoted the rapid development of traditional industries, made some industries use machine production, and also promoted the development and growth of new industries. The formation and construction of cities, such as Jining City and Baotou City, are closely related to the opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532.9;K26
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