城市公共自行车系统发展战略的若干关键问题

发布时间：2018-09-14 14:55

【摘要】：随着城市私家车拥有量和使用量的激增,交通问题成为制约城市快速发展的瓶颈。作为缓解城市交通拥堵,减少机动车尾气排放的一种有效措施,公共自行车自2008年后在中国得到了快速发展。公共自行车的发展受系统外部环境和系统内部各子系统间相互作用关系的影响,本文基于中国城市的特点,对影响公共自行车发展的关键的系统内外部因素进行了研究,得到的结论对中国城市发展公共自行车项目有一定的参考价值。主要的研究工作和结论包括:公共自行车对私人小汽车拥有者出行方式选择的影响。公共自行车使得拥有私人小汽车的出行者面临新的出行方式选择问题,现有文献缺少对该问题机理性的研究。本文在假定出行者是有限理性的情况下,通过演化博弈理论研究了不同出行距离内,私人小汽车拥有者群体分别面临公共自行车和公共交通方式时出行方式选择的演化规律,发现出行方式选择不仅与不同出行方式的收益条件有关,还与初始状态下参与公共自行车项目的群体比例有关。根据研究结果提出了促进私家车出行向公共自行车和其他公共交通出行转变的措施,为公共自行车相关政策的出台提供了理论依据。公共自行车三个主要参与主体间委托代理关系的研究。公共自行车服务主要涉及到公众、政府和运营企业三个参与主体,目前相关理论主要涉及政府和运营企业不同关系下商业模式的研究,且以定性分析为主。本文分析了三者间的双重委托代理关系,对公众和政府间的隐性委托代理关系进行了建模分析。重点对政府成立企业并运营模式、政府与企业合作模式、公共资源置换服务模式三种典型的公共自行车商业模式进行了对比研究,结果发现在政府成立企业并运营的模式和政府与企业合作模式下,企业缺乏降低成本的激励,但政府和企业的关系有助于企业抵御市场风险;在公共资源置换企业公共自行车服务的商业模式下,企业具有主动提高服务水平的动力但存在信息租金,且面临着更高的市场风险。最后对如何发挥政府作用,激励代理人努力工作提出了相关的建议。城市公共自行车运作模式的对比研究。目前针对公共自行车运作模式的理论研究比较匮乏,本文将实际项目中典型的公共自行车运作模式归纳为不收费不限制使用模式、不收费但限制使用模式、低价收费不限制使用模式、低价收费且限制使用模式、高价收费不限制使用模式5种,基于此提出了高价收费不限制使用且补贴使用者模式。从出行者个体最优和系统最优的角度对6种运作模式进行了对比研究,发现从公共自行车项目的公益性和经济性,以及实际的可操作性角度来看,现阶段采取低价收费并限制使用的运作模式更适合中国城市。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase in the number and usage of private cars in cities, traffic problems have become the bottleneck restricting the rapid development of cities. As an effective measure to alleviate urban traffic congestion and reduce vehicle emissions, public bicycles have developed rapidly in China since 2008. The development of public bicycle is influenced by the external environment of the system and the interaction between the subsystems within the system. Based on the characteristics of Chinese cities, this paper studies the key internal and external factors that affect the development of public bicycle. The conclusion has certain reference value for the development of public bicycle project in Chinese cities. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: the influence of public bicycle on private car owners' choice of travel mode. Public bicycles make travelers with private cars face the problem of new modes of travel, and the existing literatures lack of research on the mechanism of this problem. In this paper, under the assumption that the travelers are bounded rational, the evolutionary game theory is used to study the evolution of the choice of travel modes for private car owners in different travel distances when they are faced with public bicycle and public transportation respectively. It is found that the choice of travel modes is not only related to the income conditions of different modes of travel, but also to the proportion of groups participating in public bicycle projects in the initial state. According to the research results, the paper puts forward the measures to promote the change of private car travel to public bicycle and other public transportation trips, which provides a theoretical basis for the introduction of public bicycle related policies. Research on Principal-Agent relationship among the three main participants of Public Bicycle. The public bicycle service mainly involves the public, the government and the operation enterprise three participants, at present the related theory mainly involves the government and the operation enterprise under the different relations the business model research, and the qualitative analysis is the main body. This paper analyzes the dual principal-agent relationship among them and models the implicit principal-agent relationship between the public and the government. Three typical business models of public bicycle, such as government establishment and operation mode, government and enterprise cooperation model, public resource replacement service model, are compared and studied. The results show that enterprises lack incentive to reduce cost under the mode of government establishment and operation and cooperation between government and enterprise, but the relationship between government and enterprise is helpful for enterprises to resist market risk. Under the business model of replacing public bicycle service with public resources, enterprises have the motive power to improve the service level actively, but there is information rent, and they are facing higher market risk. Finally, some suggestions on how to play the role of government and motivate agents to work hard are put forward. A Comparative study on the Operation Mode of Urban Public Bicycle. At present, there is a lack of theoretical research on the operation mode of public bicycle. In this paper, the typical operation mode of public bicycle in the actual project is summarized as no charge, no restriction, no charge, but limited use. The low price charge does not restrict the use mode, the low price charge and the limit use mode, the high price charge does not limit the use mode 5 kinds, based on this proposed the high price charge does not limit the use and subsidizes the user mode. From the angle of individual optimization and system optimization, this paper makes a comparative study of six operation modes, and finds out that from the perspective of public welfare and economy of public bicycle projects, as well as the practical operational point of view, At this stage, it is more suitable for Chinese cities to adopt the operation mode of low price and limited use.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F572

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