我国煤炭海铁联运新方式初探

发布时间：2018-10-17 12:01

【摘要】：煤炭是我国重要的战略能源,对我国的经济社会发展有着至关重要的作用,但其在空间分布上呈现出极其不平衡的状况。因此,我国煤炭的供给在很大程度上就取决于整个国内煤炭运输系统的效率。海铁联运作为其中重要的运输方式,在长距离运输上具有得天独厚的优势。我国传统的煤炭海铁联运系统需要进行铁海换装,并且在港口需要占用大量的土地资源作为堆场,其粗放的建设运营方式成为了我国煤炭海铁联运系统的瓶颈所在。铁路轮渡系统通过在渡轮上铺设铁路,将传统的吊上吊下的装卸方式改为滚上滚下,因此其可满足不换装要求,真正实现门到门运输。其相对于传统海铁联运方式在缩短船舶在港时间、货物在途时间、提高土地资源利用、加强环境保护、确保运输安全等方面具有较大的优势。但受到铁路轮渡技术发展及铁路轮渡仅应用于海峡等短途海上运输的固定思维制约,这种海铁联运方式在大宗散货运输中一直没有被人提及。本文将铁路轮渡应用于我国煤炭海铁联运系统,并通过技术可行性分析,尤其是对铁路轮渡系统应用在海铁联运后的通过能力进行了重点分析,通过具体算例,得到了其应用于我国煤炭运输的可能性。接下来,通过有无对比法,对设置的铁路轮渡算例进行社会费用效益分析,通过定量计算得到铁路轮渡系统相对于传统方案的社会效益值,并估算其建造及运营成本,最后将所得到的数据与传统的海铁联运系统进行比较。比较结果表明,在现有技术条件下铁路轮渡方式在国民经济性上并不具有优势,但未来,随着铁路轮渡技术的大力发展,特别是柔性轨道及栈桥技术的发展,铁路渡轮的货物装载率的提高,铁路轮渡系统的国民经济性就会愈发凸显。因此,在未来,引入铁路轮渡系统的新型煤炭海铁联运方式将更加具有优越性。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important strategic energy in China, which plays an important role in the economic and social development of our country, but its spatial distribution presents an extremely unbalanced situation. Therefore, the supply of coal in China depends on the efficiency of the whole domestic coal transportation system to a great extent. As an important mode of transport, sea-rail transport has a unique advantage in long-distance transportation. The traditional coal seaborne combined transport system in our country needs to carry on the iron-sea transformation, and needs to occupy a large number of land resources as the storage yard in the port, its extensive construction and operation mode has become the bottleneck of the coal seaborne combined transport system in our country. By laying the railway on the ferry, the traditional loading and unloading mode of hoisting and hoisting is changed to roll up and down, so it can meet the requirement of not changing the load and realize the door to door transportation. Compared with the traditional sea and rail transport mode, it has great advantages in shortening the time of ship in port, in the time of goods on the way, in improving the utilization of land resources, in strengthening the environmental protection, and in ensuring the safety of transportation, etc. However, due to the development of railway ferry technology and the application of railway ferry to short-distance sea transportation such as the strait, this kind of sea-rail combined transport method has not been mentioned in bulk cargo transportation. In this paper, the railway ferry is applied to the coal seaborne combined transport system in our country, and the technical feasibility analysis is carried out, especially the capacity of the railway ferry system after the seaborne combined transport is analyzed emphatically, and the concrete calculation example is given. The possibility of its application in coal transportation in China is obtained. Then, the social cost and benefit of the railway ferry system is analyzed by using the method of comparison or not, and the social benefit value of the railway ferry system compared with the traditional scheme is obtained by quantitative calculation, and the construction and operation cost is estimated. Finally, the obtained data are compared with the traditional sea-rail transport system. The results show that the railway ferry mode does not have advantages in the national economy under the existing technical conditions, but in the future, with the development of railway ferry technology, especially the development of flexible track and trestle technology, With the increase of cargo loading rate of railway ferry, the national economy of railway ferry system will become more prominent. Therefore, in the future, it will be more advantageous to introduce the railway ferry system into the new coal seaborne combined transport mode.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U294.88;U695.27

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