区域交通应急保障体系构建研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 20:56
【摘要】：2008年以后,我国的突发事件应急管理逐步将重心由灾时应急救援转移到灾前预防,本文基于此开展交通应急保障预防体系构建研究。论文探讨交通应急保障网络的构建和软件方面区域应急联动机制的构建都是基于一种应急理念：分级应对,分层治理。 首先,区域交通应急保障体系是一个地区应急保障体系的一个重要组成部分,而其本身又包含诸多子体系。概括来讲,交通应急保障体系的诸多子体系主要分为硬件体系(道路资源体系、应急平台、物质设备等)和软件体系(预案体系、财政体系、法制体系、运作机制等)。其次,交通应急保障体系的构建方法有很多,论文在总结已有的研究成果基础上,提出通过建立交通应急保障网络和应急联动机制两方面来构建交通应急保障体系。交通应急保障网络主要涵盖硬件体系的道路网络和应急物资配置；软件体系方面主要探讨应急联动机制的构建。交通应急保障网络主要由交通应急节点和应急通道(路径)组成。交通应急节点是一个地区或城市交通应急系统的载体,其最主要的作用是为应急过程提供交通应急保障。一方面,基于应急节点重要度分析、层次划分以及应急范围界定这三方面对交通应急节点进行合理布局。交通应急节点主要分三类,区域性应急中心节点、区域性应急服务节点、地方性应急服务节点。运用模糊聚类法予以划分,并通过Matlab完成运算。应急节点应急范围的界定主要从应急时间、应急能力和行政属性三方面来讨论。另一方面,以最小化疏散、救援时间以及最小化在突发事件区域的拥堵和延误可能性为目标,建立模型对应急保障网络进行优化；针对气候条件差和地质结构脆弱敏感地区的应急通道优化,论文提出多路径优化策略,运用层次分析法,其以现有交通应急节点之间的通道运输能力和抗灾害能力作为规划通道内新路径的主要评价指标。应急资源共分若干类,根据应急节点的层次配置相应的种类和数量。 软件体系方面主要探讨应急联动机制的建立,分别探讨纵向上交通应急系统内部的应急联动机制构建以及横向上应急管理系统下各个部门之间的应急联动机制构建。这两方面均从机制的组织结构和运作机制两方面来探讨分析,其目的是形成—套“统一指挥,高效有序”的应急联动机制。 最后是案例分析,结合重庆市综合交通研究所对重庆市的交通应急保障方面的研究和有关数据,应用所提出的交通应急保障体系构建方法得出重庆市的交通应急保障网络构建、应急资源配置和应急联动机制建立。
[Abstract]:Since 2008, the focus of emergency management in China has been gradually shifted from emergency relief to pre-disaster prevention. Based on this, the construction of traffic emergency protection and prevention system has been carried out in this paper. This paper discusses the construction of traffic emergency protection network and the construction of regional emergency linkage mechanism in software, which is based on a kind of emergency concept: hierarchical response, hierarchical governance. First, the regional traffic emergency support system is an important part of a regional emergency support system, and it contains many sub-systems. Generally speaking, many sub-systems of traffic emergency support system are mainly divided into hardware system (road resource system, emergency platform, material equipment, etc.) and software system (plan system, financial system, legal system, operation mechanism, etc.). Secondly, there are many methods to construct traffic emergency support system. On the basis of summarizing the existing research results, the paper puts forward the establishment of traffic emergency support network and emergency linkage mechanism to build traffic emergency support system. The traffic emergency support network mainly covers the road network and emergency material allocation of hardware system, and the software system mainly discusses the construction of emergency linkage mechanism. Traffic emergency support network mainly consists of traffic emergency nodes and emergency channels (paths). Traffic emergency node is the carrier of traffic emergency system in a region or city, and its main function is to provide traffic emergency protection for the emergency process. On the one hand, based on the analysis of the importance of emergency nodes, the division of levels and the definition of emergency scope, the traffic emergency nodes are reasonably distributed. Traffic emergency nodes are divided into three types: regional emergency center node, regional emergency service node and local emergency service node. Fuzzy clustering method is used to partition and Matlab is used to complete the operation. The definition of emergency scope of emergency nodes is mainly discussed from three aspects: emergency time, emergency capability and administrative attributes. On the other hand, aiming at minimizing evacuation, rescue time and the possibility of congestion and delay in the emergency area, a model is established to optimize the emergency support network. In view of the emergency channel optimization of poor climate conditions and fragile and sensitive geological structure, this paper puts forward a multi-path optimization strategy, and applies the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main evaluation indexes of the new route in the channel are the transportation capacity and the disaster resistance ability between the existing traffic emergency nodes. Emergency resources are divided into a number of categories, according to the level of emergency node configuration corresponding types and quantities. In the aspect of software system, it mainly discusses the establishment of emergency linkage mechanism, the construction of emergency linkage mechanism within longitudinal traffic emergency response system and the construction of emergency linkage mechanism between different departments under the lateral emergency management system. These two aspects are discussed and analyzed from the organizational structure and operational mechanism of the mechanism, the purpose of which is to form a "unified command, efficient and orderly" emergency linkage mechanism. Finally, the case analysis, combined with the Chongqing Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of Chongqing traffic emergency support research and related data, using the proposed traffic emergency support system construction method to get Chongqing traffic emergency support network construction. Establishment of emergency resource allocation and emergency linkage mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X43;F512
本文编号：2277948
[Abstract]:Since 2008, the focus of emergency management in China has been gradually shifted from emergency relief to pre-disaster prevention. Based on this, the construction of traffic emergency protection and prevention system has been carried out in this paper. This paper discusses the construction of traffic emergency protection network and the construction of regional emergency linkage mechanism in software, which is based on a kind of emergency concept: hierarchical response, hierarchical governance. First, the regional traffic emergency support system is an important part of a regional emergency support system, and it contains many sub-systems. Generally speaking, many sub-systems of traffic emergency support system are mainly divided into hardware system (road resource system, emergency platform, material equipment, etc.) and software system (plan system, financial system, legal system, operation mechanism, etc.). Secondly, there are many methods to construct traffic emergency support system. On the basis of summarizing the existing research results, the paper puts forward the establishment of traffic emergency support network and emergency linkage mechanism to build traffic emergency support system. The traffic emergency support network mainly covers the road network and emergency material allocation of hardware system, and the software system mainly discusses the construction of emergency linkage mechanism. Traffic emergency support network mainly consists of traffic emergency nodes and emergency channels (paths). Traffic emergency node is the carrier of traffic emergency system in a region or city, and its main function is to provide traffic emergency protection for the emergency process. On the one hand, based on the analysis of the importance of emergency nodes, the division of levels and the definition of emergency scope, the traffic emergency nodes are reasonably distributed. Traffic emergency nodes are divided into three types: regional emergency center node, regional emergency service node and local emergency service node. Fuzzy clustering method is used to partition and Matlab is used to complete the operation. The definition of emergency scope of emergency nodes is mainly discussed from three aspects: emergency time, emergency capability and administrative attributes. On the other hand, aiming at minimizing evacuation, rescue time and the possibility of congestion and delay in the emergency area, a model is established to optimize the emergency support network. In view of the emergency channel optimization of poor climate conditions and fragile and sensitive geological structure, this paper puts forward a multi-path optimization strategy, and applies the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main evaluation indexes of the new route in the channel are the transportation capacity and the disaster resistance ability between the existing traffic emergency nodes. Emergency resources are divided into a number of categories, according to the level of emergency node configuration corresponding types and quantities. In the aspect of software system, it mainly discusses the establishment of emergency linkage mechanism, the construction of emergency linkage mechanism within longitudinal traffic emergency response system and the construction of emergency linkage mechanism between different departments under the lateral emergency management system. These two aspects are discussed and analyzed from the organizational structure and operational mechanism of the mechanism, the purpose of which is to form a "unified command, efficient and orderly" emergency linkage mechanism. Finally, the case analysis, combined with the Chongqing Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of Chongqing traffic emergency support research and related data, using the proposed traffic emergency support system construction method to get Chongqing traffic emergency support network construction. Establishment of emergency resource allocation and emergency linkage mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X43;F512
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