产业转移背景下的铁路货运业战略机会识别

发布时间：2018-10-21 19:00

【摘要】：铁路货运是我国国民经济中极为重要的骨干运输方式,特别在大宗物资的运输中起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,我国铁路事业取得了突飞猛进的发展,但相对于水运、公路等其他运输方式,铁路货运在全社会整体货运量中的占比呈下滑的态势,且其物流增加值与其在货运量中所占的比例相比显得过低。这一方面与铁路货运负责运输的产品构成有着密切的联系,另一方面也与其体制与运作中的一些弊端息息相关。作为曾经的铁路子弟,笔者长期以来一直关注着铁路的改革与发展；同时作为一个致力于搜寻改革带来的商业机遇的创业人,笔者也相信铁路的改革孕育着巨大的创业机遇。因此,笔者选择了铁路货运改革这一主题,在宏观与微观两个层面上,分别就铁路货运改革的方向与路径选择以及民营铁路货运代理企业的发展战略这两个的问题展开研究并提出笔者个人的见解。首先,本文作者通过对国内外大量文献的研究并经过与相当数量业内权威人士的访谈,对当前铁路货运的现状进行了分析。在分析中,笔者运用了经典的波特五力模型,并通过研究得出结论：当前铁路货运领域存在着两大基本矛盾,即(1)铁路运能闲置与巨大物流需求缺口之间的矛盾；(2)大宗货运业务模式与零担高效运输需求的矛盾。紧接着,笔者对当前国内产业转移的成因以及状态进行了勾勒性的描述,运用STP的方法对铁路货运的目标客户进行了锁定,并重点针对产业转移为什么给铁路货运带来了重大战略机遇以及铁路货运现状与战略机遇的要求之间的差距进行了阐述。铁路货运两大基本矛盾以及产业转移战略机遇均要求铁路货运尽快实现向现代物流的转型。接下来,本文对铁路货运转型的必要性与可行性进行了阐述,并得出重要结论：铁路货运向现代物流的转型其实质就是铁路承运人向第三方物流服务供应商的转型。进而分析得出结论：转型的突破口是大力加强铁路融入集装箱多式联运物流链条的力度,通过这一先进的物流承载模式促进铁路货运各环节的改革与转型。最后,本文来到微观的层面,运用了创业机会识别理论、动态竞争理论等多种理论与方法,对民营铁路货运代理企业的定位与竞争战略演变进行了探讨。本文提出民营铁路货运代理企业在实现了成为一家成功的功能型第三方铁路代理企业的目标后,并不一定要向全流程的综合型物流代理企业方向发展,也可以根据企业实际选择跳跃式的发展道路向第四方物流服务供应商方向发展实现企业功能升级转型。
[Abstract]:Railway freight transport is an important backbone transportation mode in our national economy, especially in the transportation of large quantities of goods. In recent years, China's railway industry has made rapid progress, but compared with other transport modes, such as water transport, highway and other transport modes, the proportion of railway freight in the overall freight volume of the whole society is declining. And its logistics added value is too low compared with its proportion in freight volume. On the one hand, it is closely related to the product composition of railway freight transportation, on the other hand, it is closely related to some drawbacks in its system and operation. As a former railway child, the author has been concerned about the reform and development of the railway for a long time, and as a entrepreneur who is committed to searching for the commercial opportunities brought by the reform, the author also believes that the reform of the railway gives birth to a huge opportunity to start a business. Therefore, the author chooses the theme of railway freight transport reform, at the macro and micro levels, This paper studies the direction and path choice of railway freight transport reform and the development strategy of private railway freight forwarder enterprises, and puts forward the author's personal opinions. First of all, the author analyzes the current situation of railway freight transportation by studying a large number of domestic and foreign literature and through interviews with a considerable number of industry authorities. In the analysis, the author uses the classical Porter's five-force model, and draws a conclusion through the research: there are two basic contradictions in the field of railway freight transport at present, namely (1) the contradiction between the idle railway transportation capacity and the huge logistics demand gap; (2) the contradiction between bulk freight business model and efficient transportation demand. Then, the author describes the cause and status of the current domestic industry transfer, and uses the STP method to lock in the target customers of railway freight transport. This paper also focuses on the reasons why the industrial transfer has brought great strategic opportunities to railway freight transportation and the gap between the present situation of railway freight transport and the requirements of strategic opportunities. The two basic contradictions of railway freight and the strategic opportunity of industry transfer require railway freight to realize the transition to modern logistics as soon as possible. Then, this paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of the transformation of railway freight transport, and draws an important conclusion: the transformation of railway freight to modern logistics is essentially the transformation of railway carriers to third-party logistics service providers. The conclusion is that the breakthrough of the transformation is to strengthen the integration of the railway into the container multimodal logistics chain, and to promote the reform and transformation of the various links of railway freight transport through this advanced logistics carrying mode. Finally, this paper comes to the micro level, using the entrepreneurial opportunity identification theory, dynamic competition theory and other theories and methods, discusses the positioning and competitive strategy evolution of private railway freight forwarding enterprises. After realizing the goal of becoming a successful functional third party railway agency, the private railway freight forwarder does not have to develop into a comprehensive logistics agent. We can also choose the leapfrog development path to the fourth party logistics service provider according to the actual situation of the enterprise to realize the transformation of enterprise function upgrading.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F532.6;F252

【参考文献】