中国铁路的民营化研究
发布时间：2018-10-25 13:26
【摘要】：铁路产业作为社会先行资本的重要组成部分,是国家重要的基础设施。众多知名学者对铁路这种社会先行资本的作用都做过高度评价。马克思曾认为,“铁路将真正成为现代工业的先驱”。美国著名经济史学家瓦尔特·罗斯托(Walt W. Rostow)则将美国的经济起飞归结为“主要是铁路化的工业结果而不是农业的结果,铁路建设是带动19世纪美国经济发展的中心”。 中国的铁路建设始于19世纪末20世纪初。特别是建国以来,铁路作为基础产业得到了快速发展,为经济发展和社会进步做出了巨大贡献。但由于中国经济社会快速发展需要,铁路网整体负荷将长期紧张。中国铁路建设资金中,政府投资(铁道部和地方政府)占据90%以上份额,铁道部现有资金渠道包括国家预算内投资、国内贷款、建设基金等,资金渠道单一,无法保证财务上的可持续性,进而影响铁路的长期健康发展。 因此,研究中国铁路的民营化路径,引导、利用民间资本成功参与铁路建设,保障经营者合法权益,解决资金难题,满足发展需求,进而建立长效管理机制,既关系到铁路建设的未来,也关乎社会主义市场经济的健康发展。 本文描述了中国铁路当前的发展状况和面临的形势,分析了铁路建设和运营中存在的问题,总结前人在法律、产权等方面的研究成果,提出研究的范围、方法和理论依据。回顾民间资本参与中国铁路建设运营的历史,总结以往事件的成功和失败经验,从中积累思路,深入研究分析国外主要市场经济国家铁路民营化改革的时代背景,改革采取的步骤和具体措施,以及改革的效果绩效评价,得出了可以借鉴的经验和启示。论述中国铁路的发展背景,提出中国铁路民营化的主要目标。系统分析了中国铁路的特殊背景,归纳出中国铁路民营化改革的约束条件。在总结经验的基础上,提出委托管理是中国铁路民营化的现实路径。政企分开和网运分离是民营化的主要步骤。最后分析指出了中国铁路民营化的保障条件。 本文主要采用比较分析的研究方法,通过运用公共产品理论、产权理论等对铁路产业进行微观分析,结合实际提出解决问题的方法。
[Abstract]:As an important part of social capital, railway industry is an important infrastructure of our country. Many famous scholars have highly appraised the role of the social capital of railway. Marx believed that "the railway will truly become the pioneer of modern industry." The famous American economic historian Walter Rostow (Walt W. Rostow) attributed the economic take-off of the United States to "mainly the industrial result of railway rather than the result of agriculture, and the railway construction was the center of American economic development in the 19th century". China's railway construction began in the late 19 th century and the early 20 th century. Especially since the founding of the people's Republic of China, railway, as a basic industry, has developed rapidly and made great contributions to economic development and social progress. However, due to the rapid development of China's economy and society, the overall load of the railway network will be tense for a long time. Government investment (Ministry of Railways and Local governments) accounts for more than 90% of the funds for China's railway construction. The existing funding channels of the Ministry of Railways include investment in the state budget, domestic loans, construction funds, etc. Financial sustainability cannot be guaranteed, thus affecting the long-term and healthy development of railways. Therefore, it is necessary to study the path of privatization of Chinese railways, guide and use private capital to participate in railway construction successfully, protect the legitimate rights and interests of operators, solve the problem of capital, meet the needs of development, and then establish a long-term management mechanism. Not only related to the future of railway construction, but also related to the healthy development of socialist market economy. This paper describes the current development and situation of Chinese railways, analyzes the existing problems in railway construction and operation, summarizes the previous research results in the fields of law and property rights, and puts forward the scope, methods and theoretical basis of the research. Reviewing the history of the participation of private capital in the construction and operation of Chinese railways, summing up the successful and unsuccessful experiences of past events, accumulating ideas from the past, and deeply studying and analyzing the background of the reform of railway privatization in the major market economy countries abroad. The steps and concrete measures taken by the reform, as well as the evaluation of the effect of the reform, have been drawn from the experience and enlightenment that can be used for reference. This paper discusses the background of the development of Chinese railways and puts forward the main objectives of the privatization of Chinese railways. This paper systematically analyzes the special background of Chinese railway, and sums up the constraints of China railway privatization reform. On the basis of summing up experience, this paper puts forward that entrustment management is the realistic path of railway privatization in China. Separation of government and enterprise and separation of network transportation are the main steps of privatization. Finally, the article points out the guarantee conditions of China's railway privatization. This article mainly adopts the comparative analysis research method, through uses the public product theory, the property right theory and so on carries on the microscopic analysis to the railway industry, unifies the reality to propose the solution method.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F532
本文编号：2293827
[Abstract]:As an important part of social capital, railway industry is an important infrastructure of our country. Many famous scholars have highly appraised the role of the social capital of railway. Marx believed that "the railway will truly become the pioneer of modern industry." The famous American economic historian Walter Rostow (Walt W. Rostow) attributed the economic take-off of the United States to "mainly the industrial result of railway rather than the result of agriculture, and the railway construction was the center of American economic development in the 19th century". China's railway construction began in the late 19 th century and the early 20 th century. Especially since the founding of the people's Republic of China, railway, as a basic industry, has developed rapidly and made great contributions to economic development and social progress. However, due to the rapid development of China's economy and society, the overall load of the railway network will be tense for a long time. Government investment (Ministry of Railways and Local governments) accounts for more than 90% of the funds for China's railway construction. The existing funding channels of the Ministry of Railways include investment in the state budget, domestic loans, construction funds, etc. Financial sustainability cannot be guaranteed, thus affecting the long-term and healthy development of railways. Therefore, it is necessary to study the path of privatization of Chinese railways, guide and use private capital to participate in railway construction successfully, protect the legitimate rights and interests of operators, solve the problem of capital, meet the needs of development, and then establish a long-term management mechanism. Not only related to the future of railway construction, but also related to the healthy development of socialist market economy. This paper describes the current development and situation of Chinese railways, analyzes the existing problems in railway construction and operation, summarizes the previous research results in the fields of law and property rights, and puts forward the scope, methods and theoretical basis of the research. Reviewing the history of the participation of private capital in the construction and operation of Chinese railways, summing up the successful and unsuccessful experiences of past events, accumulating ideas from the past, and deeply studying and analyzing the background of the reform of railway privatization in the major market economy countries abroad. The steps and concrete measures taken by the reform, as well as the evaluation of the effect of the reform, have been drawn from the experience and enlightenment that can be used for reference. This paper discusses the background of the development of Chinese railways and puts forward the main objectives of the privatization of Chinese railways. This paper systematically analyzes the special background of Chinese railway, and sums up the constraints of China railway privatization reform. On the basis of summing up experience, this paper puts forward that entrustment management is the realistic path of railway privatization in China. Separation of government and enterprise and separation of network transportation are the main steps of privatization. Finally, the article points out the guarantee conditions of China's railway privatization. This article mainly adopts the comparative analysis research method, through uses the public product theory, the property right theory and so on carries on the microscopic analysis to the railway industry, unifies the reality to propose the solution method.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F532
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