我国铁路货运定价机制及策略研究
发布时间：2018-10-31 13:18
【摘要】：铁路运输服务对促进国民经济和社会和谐发展有着重要的作用,特别是货物运输,既关系到了物价水平的高低,又关系到铁路部门的经济效益。然而,铁路货运受到国内其他运输方式及快递业的冲击使其运量呈现逐年下降的趋势。为了提高铁路货运综合效益,务必要进行相应的货运改革。货运定价对货运量的影响最为显著,市场定价为主,政府定价为辅的模式也逐渐适应货运市场,对于铁路部门挽回市场份额、分配资源、提高运输效率有着积极的推动作用。本文总结了我国铁路货运定价体系的发展历程、现状及不足之处,同时借鉴了国外铁路货运定价体系的经验,分析了货运定价机制的制定原理及现状,并分析了影响货运定价制定的因素,在相关定价原理的基础上提出符合我国国情发展的定价机制及策略。铁路货运遵循市场的供需规律,PPI和CPI指数对铁路货运定价有着很大的指导作用。一方面,定价的动态性直接由PPI和CPI指数来反映,其变化率和定价的浮动程度实现了同步性,另一方面,定价空间变得更大,从货运定价机制来讲,完全走向了市场化,由铁路部门自行定价,这也符合我国铁路货运改革的要求。本文结合PPI及CPI指数的变化对铁路货运定价进行动态调整,提出基于PPI及CPI指数的铁路货运动态定价模型,采用最小二乘法对定价模型的参数进行标定。利用国家铁路总公司统计的铁路货运数据计算其相应的定价。为了能更好的体现出PPI及CPI指数的联动性,将铁路货运定价按照季度进行,以适应各个时间段的货运市场需求,最后根据相应的定价模型及指数预测,得到近期各个季度货运动态定价,并制定相应的定价策略,这对后期铁路货运的发展有着深远的指导意义,从而进一步提高其经济和社会效益。
[Abstract]:Railway transport service plays an important role in promoting the harmonious development of national economy and society, especially the freight transportation, which not only relates to the level of price, but also to the economic benefit of railway department. However, the impact of other modes of transport and express delivery industry makes the volume of railway freight decrease year by year. In order to improve the comprehensive benefit of railway freight transport, it is necessary to carry out corresponding freight transport reform. Freight pricing has the most significant impact on freight volume, market pricing is the main, the government pricing model is gradually adapted to the freight market, which plays a positive role in the railway sector to recover market share, allocate resources, and improve transport efficiency. This paper summarizes the development course, present situation and deficiency of China's railway freight pricing system. At the same time, it draws lessons from the experience of foreign railway freight pricing system, and analyzes the principle and present situation of the freight pricing mechanism. The paper also analyzes the factors that affect the pricing of freight, and puts forward the pricing mechanism and strategy in accordance with the development of China's national conditions on the basis of the relevant pricing principles. Railway freight follows the law of market supply and demand. PPI and CPI index have a great guiding effect on railway freight pricing. On the one hand, the dynamic of pricing is reflected directly by PPI and CPI index, and the rate of change and the floating degree of pricing realize synchronism. On the other hand, the pricing space becomes larger, and the pricing mechanism of freight is completely market-oriented. By the railway department self-pricing, this also accords with our country railroad freight transport reform request. Combined with the change of PPI and CPI exponents, this paper proposes a dynamic pricing model of railway freight transport based on PPI and CPI exponents, and uses the least square method to calibrate the parameters of the pricing model. The corresponding pricing is calculated by using the railway freight data collected by the State Railway Corporation. In order to better reflect the linkage of PPI and CPI index, the railway freight pricing is carried out according to the quarterly, in order to adapt to the freight market demand of each time period, finally according to the corresponding pricing model and index forecast, The dynamic pricing of freight transport in recent seasons and the corresponding pricing strategy are obtained, which has a profound guiding significance for the development of railway freight transport in the later period, thus further improving its economic and social benefits.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532.5
[Abstract]:Railway transport service plays an important role in promoting the harmonious development of national economy and society, especially the freight transportation, which not only relates to the level of price, but also to the economic benefit of railway department. However, the impact of other modes of transport and express delivery industry makes the volume of railway freight decrease year by year. In order to improve the comprehensive benefit of railway freight transport, it is necessary to carry out corresponding freight transport reform. Freight pricing has the most significant impact on freight volume, market pricing is the main, the government pricing model is gradually adapted to the freight market, which plays a positive role in the railway sector to recover market share, allocate resources, and improve transport efficiency. This paper summarizes the development course, present situation and deficiency of China's railway freight pricing system. At the same time, it draws lessons from the experience of foreign railway freight pricing system, and analyzes the principle and present situation of the freight pricing mechanism. The paper also analyzes the factors that affect the pricing of freight, and puts forward the pricing mechanism and strategy in accordance with the development of China's national conditions on the basis of the relevant pricing principles. Railway freight follows the law of market supply and demand. PPI and CPI index have a great guiding effect on railway freight pricing. On the one hand, the dynamic of pricing is reflected directly by PPI and CPI index, and the rate of change and the floating degree of pricing realize synchronism. On the other hand, the pricing space becomes larger, and the pricing mechanism of freight is completely market-oriented. By the railway department self-pricing, this also accords with our country railroad freight transport reform request. Combined with the change of PPI and CPI exponents, this paper proposes a dynamic pricing model of railway freight transport based on PPI and CPI exponents, and uses the least square method to calibrate the parameters of the pricing model. The corresponding pricing is calculated by using the railway freight data collected by the State Railway Corporation. In order to better reflect the linkage of PPI and CPI index, the railway freight pricing is carried out according to the quarterly, in order to adapt to the freight market demand of each time period, finally according to the corresponding pricing model and index forecast, The dynamic pricing of freight transport in recent seasons and the corresponding pricing strategy are obtained, which has a profound guiding significance for the development of railway freight transport in the later period, thus further improving its economic and social benefits.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李文兴;陆伟忠;;我国铁路运价形成机制改革思路探索[J];价格理论与实践;2015年03期
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