试论南满洲铁道株式会社调查机构的演变及其作用

发布时间：2018-11-01 15:32

【摘要】：1906年日本设立南满洲铁道株式会社(简称“满铁”)来经营“满洲”,满铁表面上是一个股份有限公司,但实质它是受日本政府支配的殖民机构,即“国策会社”。在整个日本侵华的过程中,满铁扮演了十分重要的角色。无论从军用物资还是铁路运输,它都全力支持和配合。除此之外,满铁为日本帝国主义侵华战争还提供了情报上的支持。后藤新平根据多年的台湾殖民统治经验和“文治的武备论”思想在满铁设立之初就在大连本部设立了调查部。调查机构存在了近四十年,其演变主要分为稳步发展阶段,即1907年-1931年。这一阶段的调查机构受到日本政府和军部的影响较小,能够作出科学的基础调查,这一阶段完成了很多调查报告,为日本侵略中国提供了科学有效的依据。第二阶段是扩大发展阶段,即1931年-1941年。这一阶段调查机构的主要活动是为日本侵略战争而服务。此时的调查机构不仅为军部提供必要的情报、信息,还为其出谋划策。最后一个阶段可以看成是余辉落没阶段。这时期的调查机构经历二次逮捕事件,已经元气大伤,没等到日本战败,就已经失去其存在的价值。调查机构在满铁内部占有及其重要的地位,情报调查事业和南满铁路及抚顺煤矿一起,被称为满铁的“三大支柱”。满铁的调查机构很庞大,其中包括1908年设立的东亚经济调查局、历史地理调查部、中央试验所和地质调查所等等。虽然他们的名称和活动内容不同,但是作为满铁的调查机构,目的都是为了日本政府服务,为日本利益服务。本文主要是论述1907-1945年这段时间内满铁设在大连的调查机构组织体系、指导方针和调查内容随着时局的变化而发生改变,通过系统的整理、分析,探讨不同时期调查机构的组织机构、调查方针及主要任务。通过对这一问题的研究,能更加全面客观的评价满铁调查机构作用,更加清晰的认清满铁本质到底是“开发满洲”还是“侵略满洲”,同时,研究满铁调查机构能更好地了解日本侵略中国的过程,揭示日本侵华的实质。
[Abstract]:In 1906, Japan set up South Manchuria Railway Corporation ("Manchuria") to operate "Manchuria". Manchurian Iron on the surface was a limited company, but in essence it was a colonial organization controlled by the Japanese government, that is, "National Policy Association". In the whole process of Japanese invasion of China, Manchu Iron played a very important role. Whether from military materials or rail transport, it is fully supported and cooperate. In addition, Manchuria also provided intelligence support for the Japanese imperialist invasion of China. According to his experience of colonial rule in Taiwan for many years and the thought of "Wen Zhi's theory of armed preparation", Goto Xinping set up an investigation department in Dalian at the beginning of the establishment of Manchuria Railway. The investigation organization has existed for nearly 40 years, its evolution is divided into steady development stage, namely 1907-1931. The investigation organization in this stage was less influenced by the Japanese government and military department, and was able to make scientific basic investigation. In this stage, many investigation reports were completed, which provided a scientific and effective basis for Japan's invasion of China. The second stage is the expansion of the development stage, that is, 1931-1941. The main activity of the investigative body at this stage was to serve the Japanese war of aggression. The investigative agency not only provided the necessary information and information for the military, but also advised it. The last stage can be regarded as the afterglow stage. During this period, the investigation agency experienced two arrests, and was so wounded that it lost its existence value before Japan was defeated. The investigation organization occupies an extremely important position in the Manchurian iron industry. Together with the South Manchu Railway and Fushun Coal Mine, the intelligence investigation is called the "three pillars" of Man Iron. Mantie's investigative agencies are large, including the East Asian Economic Survey, the Department of Historical and Geographic Survey, the Central Laboratory and the Geological Survey, established in 1908. Although their names and activities are different, they serve the interests of the Japanese government as well as the Japanese government. This paper mainly discusses the organizational system of the investigation organization in Dalian between 1907-1945, the guidelines and the contents of the investigation changed with the change of the current situation. Discuss the organization, investigation policy and main task of investigation organization in different period. By studying this issue, we can more comprehensively and objectively evaluate the role of Manchurian iron investigation agencies, and more clearly understand whether the essence of Manchuria is "developing Manchuria" or "invading Manchuria". At the same time, The research on Manchurian Railway investigation organization can better understand the process of Japanese invasion of China and reveal the essence of Japanese invasion of China.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F533.13

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