地铁票价制定研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 09:00

【摘要】：随着我国经济以及汽车制造业的飞速发展,越来越多的人购买了私家车,导致城市交通拥堵问题日益严重,为了缓解地面交通拥堵,许多大中城市都在规划、建设地铁。然而,在目前的票价水平下,我国绝大多数城市的地铁运营企业一直面临巨额的亏损,给政府带来沉重的经济压力的同时,也严重阻碍了企业自身的健康发展。但地铁作为准公共产品,定价时不能仅以营利为目的,还需要体现其公益性。如何合理的制定地铁票价,使其在保障地铁运营企业利益同时兼顾乘客利益呢?故本文对地铁票价制定进行研究。本文首先对地铁定价相关理论进行分析:确定地铁的定价原则,必须要在实现地铁公益性的大前提下进行定价;对比分析多种定价方法,选择使用双层规划定价法制定地铁票价;对目前常用的地铁票制进行各自适应性分析,确定适合我国的地铁票制为计程票制。然后分析影响票价制定的因素,包括定价目标、成本、需求、竞争及政府管制五个因素,并将这些因素进行综合考虑,建立地铁票价的双层规划模型。该模型可以描述为:上层规划为地铁运营企业收益最大化,下层规划为乘客广义出行费用最小化,并考虑地铁与常规公交之间的竞争。最后以西安市地铁二号线为例,确定模型的相关参数并带入模型,利用MATLAB编程求解,得到模型的最优解即西安市地铁二号线的平均票价4.94元,验证了双层规划模型求地铁票价的适用性,并在该平均票价的基础上制定出西安市地铁二号线的计程制票价,为其他城市的地铁票价制定提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and automobile manufacturing industry, more and more people have bought private cars, which leads to the increasingly serious problem of urban traffic congestion. In order to alleviate the ground traffic congestion, many large and medium-sized cities are planning to build subway. However, under the current fare level, the subway operation enterprises in most cities of our country have been faced with huge losses, which bring heavy economic pressure to the government, but also seriously hinder the healthy development of the enterprises themselves. However, as a quasi-public product, subway pricing should not only be for profit purposes, but also reflect its public welfare. How to make the subway fares reasonably, so that it can protect the interests of the subway operation enterprises at the same time take into account the interests of passengers? Therefore, this article carries on the research to the subway fare formulation. Firstly, this paper analyzes the related theories of subway pricing: to determine the pricing principle of subway, we must carry out pricing under the premise of realizing the public welfare of subway; By comparing and analyzing various pricing methods, we choose to use the double programming pricing method to make the subway fare, and analyze the adaptability of the subway ticket system which is commonly used at present, and determine the subway ticket system suitable for our country as the metering ticket system. Then it analyzes the factors that affect the pricing, including pricing target, cost, demand, competition and government regulation, and establishes a bilevel programming model of subway fare. The model can be described as follows: the upper level programming is the maximization of the profit of the subway operation enterprise and the lower level programming is the passengers' generalized travel cost minimization and the competition between the subway and the conventional public transport is considered. Finally, taking Xi'an Metro Line 2 as an example, the relevant parameters of the model are determined and brought into the model. By using MATLAB programming, the optimal solution of the model is obtained, that is, the average ticket price of Xi'an Metro Line 2 is 4.94 yuan. The applicability of the bilevel programming model for calculating subway ticket price is verified, and the metering fare of Xi'an Metro Line 2 is worked out on the basis of the average ticket price, which provides a reference for other cities to formulate subway ticket price.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572.5

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