基于多阶段双层规划模型的高速铁路票价体系优化研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 10:23

【摘要】：随着我国高速铁路的快速发展,人民生活水平的稳步提升,高速铁路正在悄然改变着人们的生活方式。在高速铁路快速崛起的同时,其票价体系存在的问题正逐步凸显出来,传统的定价方法已经在某种程度上制约着我国高速铁路的发展。面对票价体系存在的问题,2015年底国家发改委发布了《关于改革完善高铁动车组旅客票价的通知》,为高铁票价的调整提供了政策依据。本文尝试用一种改进的双层规划模型——“多阶段双层规划模型”,对高速铁路票价体系进行优化,为我国高速铁路市场化定价的转变提供理论支撑。本文的主要工作如下:深入剖析国外优秀的铁路票价体系,对我国典型高铁线路的票价现状进行研究,指出我国现行票价体系存在的问题。通过对票价制定理论和模型的对比分析,提出改进的多阶段双层规划模型,将票价制定问题分为两个阶段进行考虑。第一阶段是旅客对不同运输方式的选择阶段。由于不同运输方式的属性差异较大,旅客在出行时首先会在不同运输方式间进行选择。此阶段通过对运输通道内不同客运方式间的竞争现状进行研究,根据市场细分理论,将通道内旅客运输市场划分为不同的类型。建立基于旅客市场细分条件下的双层规划模型,模型同时兼顾了高速铁路部门和旅客两方面的利益,利用灵敏度分析的方法对模型求解,获得高速铁路在不同旅客市场下的最优票价。第二阶段是旅客在高速铁路不同等级客运产品间的选择阶段。此阶段根据高速铁路客运产品服务属性的差异,对高速铁路客运产品等级进行划分。建立考虑客运产品等级的高速铁路票价优化模型,通过对模型的求解获得多层次的票价结构。论文的创新之处在于将票价制定的问题分为多个阶段进行考虑,将市场化定价理念引入到高速铁路票价问题的制定当中,将旅客运输市场和高速铁路客运产品进行划分,运用多阶段双层规划模型对高速铁路进行差别定价。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high-speed railway and the steady improvement of people's living standard, high-speed railway is quietly changing people's way of life. With the rapid rise of high-speed railway, the existing problems of its fare system are gradually highlighted. The traditional pricing method has restricted the development of high-speed railway in China to some extent. In the face of the problems existing in the ticket price system, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the notice on the Reform and improvement of passenger ticket prices for High-speed Railway EMU at the end of 2015, which provides a policy basis for the adjustment of high-speed rail fares. In this paper, an improved bilevel programming model, "multi-stage bilevel programming model", is used to optimize the ticket price system of high-speed railway, which provides theoretical support for the transformation of market-oriented pricing of high-speed railway in China. The main work of this paper is as follows: deeply analyze the excellent railway fare system abroad, study the present situation of the typical high-speed railway fare in China, and point out the existing problems of the current fare system in our country. Based on the comparative analysis of the theory and model of fare formulation, an improved multi-stage bilevel programming model is proposed, and the problem of fare formulation is divided into two stages to be considered. The first stage is the choice of different modes of transport for passengers. Due to the great differences in the attributes of different modes of transport, passengers will first choose between different modes of transport. In this stage, according to the theory of market segmentation, the passenger transport market in the channel can be divided into different types through the study of the current situation of competition among different modes of passenger transport in the transportation channel. A bilevel programming model based on the condition of passenger market segmentation is established. The model takes into account the interests of both the high-speed railway department and the passenger, and the sensitivity analysis method is used to solve the model. Get the best ticket price of high speed railway in different passenger market. The second stage is the stage of passenger selection between different grades of passenger products on high-speed railway. In this stage, the product grade of high speed railway passenger transport is divided according to the difference of service attributes of high speed railway passenger transport products. The optimization model of high speed railway ticket price considering the product grade of passenger transportation is established, and the multi-level fare structure is obtained by solving the model. The innovation of this paper is that the pricing problem is divided into several stages, the market-oriented pricing concept is introduced into the formulation of high-speed railway fares, and the passenger transport market and high-speed railway passenger transport products are divided. A multi-stage bilevel programming model is used for differential pricing of high-speed railway.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532.5

【相似文献】