市场化条件下铁路货运竞争战略选择及运输资源优化研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 11:24

【摘要】：近些年来,中国经济总量已具规模,但呈现出“不平衡、不协调、不可持续”的特点。随着铁路建设投资不断加大,运输能力正从限制型向适应型转变,在这种经济特点下加之自身因素,铁路货运形成了供需矛盾和结构性矛盾,两种矛盾深刻影响着铁路货运发展。在2008年,我国的经济出现了减缓的迹象,这严重冲击了铁路的经营,在2012年,我国经济又出现了下行趋势,铁路经营发展再次受到影响,同时,经过市场的多年深化,当前物流市场呈现出了多元发展态势,市场竞争日益激烈,铁路货运今后如何发展、怎样竞争令人深思。本文首先研究了铁路竞争战略有效实施的市场化条件和战略环境。由于铁路计划经济的特性依然显著,指令性计划仍是主要经济手段,存在着信息成本和激励成本过高而难以有效率的固有缺陷,因此必须深化市场化改革,而铁路市场化取向的改革能否成功在于运输价格和经营主体两个必要方面市场化改革能否成功,由此才能有效实施竞争战略。对于战略环境分析,是基于SCP理论对物流市场进行较全面分析,根据服务品质和产品价值来划分三类物流市场,应用产业组织理论对三类市场分别从市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效上进行考察,再通过对铁路在三类物流市场中的演化进行分析,以明确铁路在三类市场中的企业行为方式。其次,对铁路竞争战略进行定位分析。在分析运输需求状况和铁路运输矛盾基础上,应用SWOT技术对影响因素进行定性判断,形成战略体系后,通过所建立战略矩阵定位分析模型对各因素进行定量计算,给出战略重心、进行战略定位,从而明确在具体物流市场中所要采取的竞争战略类型。再次,通过建立模型对运输资源优化整合进行分析。对于运输资源的优化,主要是从集、疏、运三个环节进行布局优化整合研究。在货运站点布局方面,根据站点的发展形态,形成了布局优化次序,明确了不同情景下站点的优化方法,从单一品类货运站点选址、建设、整合优化,到多品类货运站建设优化,再到多服务功能的物流中心规划优化上,建立模型、进行研究；在运输组织优化方面,对于重载铁路运输组织着重分析了技术和经济要求、多组合站情况下的车流组织问题,建立模型、进行研究,对于普通和快捷货物列车开行,克服了以往所隐含车流无差异化假设和历史数据当前化假设的不足,从实时性车流差异化角度出发,考虑不同服务水平约束,建立模型、进行研究。最后,本文以广州铁路(集团)公司货运为例,对竞争战略和优化整合等问题进行了案例分析与实证研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's total economic volume has a scale, but presents the characteristics of "unbalanced, uncoordinated, unsustainable". With the increasing investment in railway construction, the transportation capacity is changing from the restricted type to the adaptive type. Under this economic characteristic and its own factors, the railway freight transport has formed the contradiction between supply and demand and structural contradiction. The two contradictions deeply affect the development of railway freight transport. In 2008, China's economy showed signs of slowing down, which seriously impacted the operation of the railway. In 2012, the economy of our country again showed a downward trend, the development of the railway operation was affected again, and at the same time, after many years of deepening of the market, At present, the logistics market presents a diversified development situation, the market competition is increasingly fierce, how to develop the railway freight transport in the future, how to compete is thought-provoking. This paper first studies the market-oriented conditions and strategic environment for the effective implementation of railway competition strategy. Because the characteristic of planned economy of railway is still remarkable, directive plan is still the main economic means, there are inherent defects that information cost and incentive cost are too high and it is difficult to be efficient, so we must deepen market-oriented reform. Whether the reform of railway marketization orientation can be successful or not depends on the two essential aspects of transportation price and the main body of operation, so as to effectively implement the competitive strategy. For strategic environment analysis, logistics market is comprehensively analyzed based on SCP theory. According to service quality and product value, three kinds of logistics market are divided into three kinds of markets, and the market structure and market behavior of three kinds of markets are analyzed by applying the theory of industrial organization. Through the analysis of the evolution of railway in three kinds of logistics market, the enterprise behavior of railway in the three kinds of markets is clarified. Secondly, analyze the position of railway competition strategy. On the basis of analyzing the transportation demand and the contradiction of railway transportation, the influence factors are judged qualitatively by SWOT technology, and the strategic system is formed. The quantitative calculation of each factor is carried out through the established strategic matrix positioning analysis model. The strategic center of gravity is given, the strategic orientation is carried out, and the type of competitive strategy to be adopted in the specific logistics market is determined. Thirdly, the optimization and integration of transportation resources are analyzed by establishing a model. For the optimization of transportation resources, the integration of layout optimization is mainly carried out from three links: set, sparse and transportation. In terms of freight station layout, according to the development form of the site, the layout optimization order is formed, and the optimization method of the site under different scenarios is defined. The site location, construction, integration and optimization are selected, built and integrated from a single category freight station. To the multi-category freight station construction optimization, then to the multi-service function logistics center planning optimization, establishes the model, carries on the research; In the aspect of transportation organization optimization, for heavy haul railway transportation organization, the technical and economic requirements are emphatically analyzed, the traffic flow organization problem in the case of multiple combined stations is analyzed, the model is established, the research is carried out, and the common and fast freight trains are operated. This paper overcomes the deficiency of the former implicit assumption of no differentiation of traffic flow and the assumption of current historical data. From the point of view of real-time traffic flow differentiation, considering the constraints of different service levels, the model is established and studied. Finally, taking Guangzhou Railway (Group) freight as an example, this paper makes a case study on competitive strategy and optimization and integration.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F532.3;U294.1

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