长江流域汽车整车公水联运路径选择研究
发布时间：2018-11-10 18:54
【摘要】：随着中国经济持续稳定的高速增长,汽车购买量迅速增加,目前我国汽车消费量位列世界第三,汽车产量为世界第四位,汽车整车运输需求也不断增大。我国整车运输现主要采取的是公路运输,鉴于载有汽车整车的货车往往具有超长超限的性质,导致公路运输不仅具有很大的安全隐患,而且容易造成交通拥堵,运输过程中的排放物对环境造成严重的污染,加之对超长超限车辆处罚力度的加大及运输方式的不合理和运输距离的不经济都使整车运输的成本居高不下,我国汽车整车的运输费用大致是美国或欧洲的3倍。这意味我们有必要找到合适的运输方式来降低运输费用,从而加强企业的竞争力。公水联运作为一种先进的运输组织和管理形式,不仅能够有效降低运输成本,还是一种环境友好型的运输方式,采用公水联运实现汽车整车的运输已经是一种迫切的需求。面对整车公水联运形成的复杂运输网络,采取何种运输方式组合及运输路径来实现公水联运的最优,是汽车制造企业目前急需解决的问题。本文研究了长江流域汽车整车公水联运路径选择问题,指出公水联运区别于传统的公水联运形式,在中转节点城市换装采用的是重载汽车滚上滚下的运输方式而不是借助港口起吊设备吊上掉下来完成。通过对公水联运网络进行转换,将中转节点拆分成多个虚拟节点来构成公水联运虚拟网络图,在传统以经济效益为目标的基础上,在发展“低碳经济”的大背景下,加入碳排放量这一目标,构建了基于费用-时间-碳排放量最小的多目标路径选择模型,并在这三个目标之间寻找到折中平衡。在运输时间模型的构建过程中,由于公水联运过程中运输时间与转运时间具有不确定性,因此文章引入模糊数的概念来表示两类时间的不确定性,并且考虑了各个路段的拥挤度,提高了的出行可靠性。在碳排放量模型的构建中,根据不同燃料的吨公里消耗量、单位热值的含碳量及不同运输设备的碳氧化率建立了碳排放因子计算模型。通过充分比较几种智能算法的使用范围以及各自的优缺点,采取改进遗传算法对汽车整车公水联运多目标最优模型进行求解算法的设计。将构建的模型应用于实际案例,使用Matlab程序来实现求解过程,由于多目标优化问题目标函数具有相悖性,得到一组分布均匀的Pareto最优解集,即长江流域汽车整车运输的合理运输方式组合及运输路径,以此为长江沿线汽车生产企业运输的科学决策提供一定的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:With the steady and high speed growth of Chinese economy, the quantity of automobile purchase is increasing rapidly. At present, China's automobile consumption ranks third in the world, the output of automobile is the fourth in the world, and the demand for whole vehicle transportation is also increasing. In our country, the main means of vehicle transportation is road transportation. In view of the fact that the truck carrying the whole vehicle often has the nature of exceeding the limit, the road transportation not only has a great hidden danger of safety, but also easily causes traffic jam. The serious pollution of the environment caused by the emissions in the transportation process, and the increase of the punishment for the overlong and overlimited vehicles, the unreasonable transportation mode and the uneconomical transportation distance, all make the cost of the whole vehicle transportation very high. The transportation cost of the whole car in our country is about three times that of the United States or Europe. This means that we need to find the right mode of transport to reduce transport costs, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. As an advanced form of transportation organization and management, public water transport is not only able to effectively reduce transportation costs, but also an environment-friendly mode of transport. It is an urgent need to use public water transport to realize the transportation of whole vehicle. In the face of the complex transportation network formed by the public water transport of the whole vehicle, it is urgent for the automobile manufacturing enterprises to solve the problem that how to combine the transportation mode and the transportation route to realize the optimal transport of the public water transport. In this paper, we study the route selection of the whole vehicle in the Yangtze River valley, and point out that the public water transport is different from the traditional public water transport. In the transfer node city, heavy truck rolling and rolling transport mode is used instead of the port hoisting equipment. By transforming the public water transport network, the transfer node is divided into several virtual nodes to form the public water transport virtual network map. On the basis of the traditional economic benefits as the goal, under the background of developing "low carbon economy", By adding the target of carbon emissions, a multi-objective path selection model based on the minimum cost, time-carbon emissions is constructed, and a compromise balance is found among the three goals. In the construction of transport time model, because of the uncertainty of transport time and transit time in the process of public water transport, this paper introduces the concept of fuzzy number to express the uncertainty of two kinds of time. And the congestion of each section is considered to improve the travel reliability. In the construction of carbon emission model, a carbon emission factor model is established according to the consumption of different fuel tonnage km, the carbon content per unit heat value and the carbon oxidation rate of different transportation equipment. By comparing the application range of several intelligent algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages, an improved genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the multi-objective optimal model of the whole vehicle through water and public transport. The model is applied to practical cases, and the Matlab program is used to realize the solution process. Because the objective function of the multi-objective optimization problem is contradictory, a set of uniformly distributed Pareto optimal solutions is obtained. That is to say, the reasonable transportation mode combination and transportation route of the whole vehicle transportation in the Yangtze River Valley, which can provide certain reference for the scientific decision of the automobile production enterprises along the Yangtze River.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F512.4;F426.471
本文编号：2323315
[Abstract]:With the steady and high speed growth of Chinese economy, the quantity of automobile purchase is increasing rapidly. At present, China's automobile consumption ranks third in the world, the output of automobile is the fourth in the world, and the demand for whole vehicle transportation is also increasing. In our country, the main means of vehicle transportation is road transportation. In view of the fact that the truck carrying the whole vehicle often has the nature of exceeding the limit, the road transportation not only has a great hidden danger of safety, but also easily causes traffic jam. The serious pollution of the environment caused by the emissions in the transportation process, and the increase of the punishment for the overlong and overlimited vehicles, the unreasonable transportation mode and the uneconomical transportation distance, all make the cost of the whole vehicle transportation very high. The transportation cost of the whole car in our country is about three times that of the United States or Europe. This means that we need to find the right mode of transport to reduce transport costs, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. As an advanced form of transportation organization and management, public water transport is not only able to effectively reduce transportation costs, but also an environment-friendly mode of transport. It is an urgent need to use public water transport to realize the transportation of whole vehicle. In the face of the complex transportation network formed by the public water transport of the whole vehicle, it is urgent for the automobile manufacturing enterprises to solve the problem that how to combine the transportation mode and the transportation route to realize the optimal transport of the public water transport. In this paper, we study the route selection of the whole vehicle in the Yangtze River valley, and point out that the public water transport is different from the traditional public water transport. In the transfer node city, heavy truck rolling and rolling transport mode is used instead of the port hoisting equipment. By transforming the public water transport network, the transfer node is divided into several virtual nodes to form the public water transport virtual network map. On the basis of the traditional economic benefits as the goal, under the background of developing "low carbon economy", By adding the target of carbon emissions, a multi-objective path selection model based on the minimum cost, time-carbon emissions is constructed, and a compromise balance is found among the three goals. In the construction of transport time model, because of the uncertainty of transport time and transit time in the process of public water transport, this paper introduces the concept of fuzzy number to express the uncertainty of two kinds of time. And the congestion of each section is considered to improve the travel reliability. In the construction of carbon emission model, a carbon emission factor model is established according to the consumption of different fuel tonnage km, the carbon content per unit heat value and the carbon oxidation rate of different transportation equipment. By comparing the application range of several intelligent algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages, an improved genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the multi-objective optimal model of the whole vehicle through water and public transport. The model is applied to practical cases, and the Matlab program is used to realize the solution process. Because the objective function of the multi-objective optimization problem is contradictory, a set of uniformly distributed Pareto optimal solutions is obtained. That is to say, the reasonable transportation mode combination and transportation route of the whole vehicle transportation in the Yangtze River Valley, which can provide certain reference for the scientific decision of the automobile production enterprises along the Yangtze River.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F512.4;F426.471
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