论我国水路交通突发事件应急机制建设

发布时间：2018-11-17 19:40

【摘要】：近年，全国水上（海上）运输船舶碰撞、泄漏等交通事故数量、死亡人数、沉船艘数等居高不下，严重威胁（水上）海上从业工作者及相关附属产业的健康、生命及财产安全，破坏生物资源，污染海洋环境，影响国民经济发展和社会和谐稳定。水上交通安全与港口经济、民生紧密相连。目前我国政府、海事组织、船级社和船东协会等行业主管部门在提高船舶市场准入标准，按国际标准配备最新航行和监控设备，加大对船东、船舶安全管理体系运行质量的完善和监督，加强航海类高效学员专业操作技能培训、电焊、简单医护等特殊培训和适任培训方面作了更多的投入，但频发的船舶碰撞、有毒有害物质泄漏等交通、污染事故仍然对人命、财产和水域环境造成巨大损失和风险，未来的水上（海上）安全管理、应急管理工作任重道远。本论文在分析我国目前水路交通突发事件应急机制建设现状的基础上，认为水路交通突发事件应急机制存在有效预警机制缺乏、应急法制缺位、应急管理机制缺失、应急反应基础条件薄弱、应急反应绩效评估体系不健全的实际问题，提出健全水路交通突发事件应急机制建设的措施和建议。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分为水路交通突发事件应急机制的概述，阐述了研究背景和研究的现实意义；第二部分为水路交通突发事件应急机制相关研究综述，探讨了国内外的研究成果，分析相关定义和关系；第三部分分析了我国水路交通突发事件应急机制存在的问题；最后一部分，通过完善应急预案体系、应急法律体系、建立统一指挥、运转高效的应急管理机制、健全风险识别和评估体系、建立应急物资与组织保障体系和建立宣传、培训和演练机制等六个方面探讨了解决好水路交通突发事件应急机制建设的对策思路。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of traffic accidents such as collision and leakage of ships on water (sea), the death toll and the number of sunken vessels have remained high, which seriously threatens the health, life and property safety of marine workers and related subsidiary industries. Destroy biological resources, pollute marine environment, affect the development of national economy and social harmony and stability. Water traffic safety and port economy, people's livelihood is closely linked. At present, our government, IMO, classification societies and shipowners associations and other industry authorities are raising the standards of market access for ships, providing the latest navigational and monitoring equipment in accordance with international standards, and increasing the provision of services to shipowners, The improvement and supervision of the operation quality of the ship safety management system, the strengthening of the training of the professional operation skills of the highly effective students of navigation, the special training of welding, simple medical care, and the suitable training have made more investment, but the frequent collision of ships, Pollution accidents still cause great loss and risk to human life, property and water environment. The future water (sea) safety management and emergency management work have a long way to go. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of emergency mechanism construction of waterway traffic emergency in China, this paper thinks that there is a lack of effective early warning mechanism, absence of emergency legal system and lack of emergency management mechanism in waterway traffic emergency mechanism. The basic condition of emergency response is weak and the performance evaluation system of emergency response is not perfect. The measures and suggestions to improve the emergency mechanism of waterway traffic emergency are put forward. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of waterway traffic emergencies emergency mechanism, elaborated the research background and practical significance of the study; The second part is the summary of the research on waterway traffic emergency mechanism, discusses the domestic and foreign research results, analyzes the relevant definitions and relations, the third part analyzes the existing problems of waterway traffic emergency mechanism in China. The last part, by perfecting the emergency plan system, the emergency legal system, the establishment of a unified command and efficient emergency management mechanism, the improvement of the risk identification and evaluation system, the establishment of the emergency materials and organization security system and the establishment of publicity, Six aspects such as training and exercise mechanism are discussed in order to solve the emergency mechanism construction of waterway traffic emergency.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F552;D63

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