完善扬州市公交票价管理机制研究

发布时间：2019-01-20 17:55

【摘要】：随着我国新型城镇化战略稳步推进,城市区域扩展步伐加快,公众出行需求方式和需求结构也发生了较大变化。公众对公共交通出行的个性化需求日益增长,传统城市公共交通市场也进一步细分,出现了商务快线、定制公交、通勤班车等各具特色的新型公共交通出行方式。在公交出行方式发生巨变的同时,现代城市交通所面临的压力也在不断加大,主要表现在交通拥堵现象日益严峻。形势的发展变化,对公共交通行业管理和价格监管提出了全新挑战。2012年,国务院根据快速发展变化的交通形势,出台了《关于城市优先发展公共交通的指导意见》(国发[2012]64号),要求将公共交通发展放在城市交通发展的首要位置,着力提升城市公共交通保障水平。2014年7月,省政府出台《关于进一步落实城市公共交通优先发展战略的实施意见》(苏政发[2014)80号),明确提出“建立科学合理的票价票制体系”。论文以扬州市现行的公交票价政策为研究对象,借助于能够收集并整理的文献资料,应用准公共物品定价的理论依据、国内外城市公交票价定价模式、公益性票价理论对扬州市现行公交票价管理机制中存在的问题进行研究分析,并针对造成扬州市现行票价管理机制中存在的公交企业亏损严重,群众投诉较多,财政补贴不到位等问题的影响因素进行研究分析。最后,本文针对扬州市现行票价机制中存在的问题提出了票价改革的思路和方法,即健全管理机制,科学核定票价,在坚持一票制、低票价的基础上,针对公众不同的交通出行需求,在充分考虑公交企业生产经营成本的基础上,在消费者经济能够承受的范围内核定城市公共交通票价。建立公交公益性票价制定与实施的保障机制,以“财政兜底”为保障,健全财政补贴机制,对于政策性亏损,并给予适当补贴,同时本文还提出了建立公交补贴机制的效益评价指标体系,充分调动企业管理者和员工的积极性,利用政策优惠引导社会资金在公共交通事业中发挥重要作用,充分利用公交基础设施用地综合开发的政策、公交广告租赁资源,通过市场化运作拓宽经营渠道,提高企业自身造血功能提升公交服务水平,并通过出行满意度调查不断提升公交服务水平,让公交出行成为公众的首选出行方式。
[Abstract]:With the steady progress of the new urbanization strategy in China, the expansion of urban areas has been accelerated, and the public travel demand mode and demand structure have also changed greatly. The demand of the public for public transport travel is increasing day by day, and the traditional urban public transport market is also further subdivided. There are new types of public transport travel modes with their own characteristics, such as business fast line, customized public transportation, commuter bus and so on. At the same time, the pressure of modern urban traffic is also increasing, which is mainly reflected in the increasingly severe traffic congestion. The development and changes of the situation pose a new challenge to the management of the public transport industry and the regulation of prices. In 2012, according to the rapid development of the traffic situation, Issued the guiding opinion on the priority Development of Public Transport in cities (Guofa [2012] 64), which requires that public transport development should be placed at the top of the urban traffic development and that efforts should be made to improve the level of urban public transport security. The provincial government has issued "opinions on the implementation of the priority Development Strategy of Urban Public Transport" (Su Zhengfa [2014] 80), and put forward clearly "establishing a scientific and reasonable ticket system". This paper takes the current public transport fare policy of Yangzhou as the research object, with the help of the literature which can be collected and collated, applies the theoretical basis of quasi-public goods pricing, and the domestic and foreign city bus fare pricing model. The public welfare ticket price theory studies and analyzes the existing problems in Yangzhou's current bus fare management mechanism, and aiming at the serious losses of public transport enterprises existing in Yangzhou's current fare management mechanism, the masses complain more. Financial subsidies are not in place and other factors affecting the study and analysis. Finally, aiming at the problems existing in the current fare mechanism of Yangzhou City, this paper puts forward the ideas and methods of fare reform, that is, perfecting the management mechanism, scientifically verifying the ticket price, on the basis of adhering to the one-vote system and the low ticket price. In view of the different public transportation demand, considering the production and operation cost of public transport enterprises, the city public transport ticket price can be determined within the range of consumer economy. To establish a guarantee mechanism for the formulation and implementation of public transport fares, take the "financial bottom" as the guarantee, improve the financial subsidy mechanism, and give appropriate subsidies to policy losses, At the same time, this paper also puts forward the benefit evaluation index system of establishing the public transport subsidy mechanism, fully arousing the enthusiasm of enterprise managers and employees, and using preferential policies to guide social funds to play an important role in public transportation. Make full use of the policy of comprehensive development of public transport infrastructure land, rent the resources of public transport advertisement, widen the management channels through the market-oriented operation, improve the enterprise's own hematopoiesis function and enhance the level of public transport service. And through the travel satisfaction survey to continuously improve the level of public transport services, so that bus travel becomes the first choice for the public travel mode.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572.5

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