我国高速铁路成本效益研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 22:01

【摘要】：高速铁路作为国家大力发展的交通设施,是国民经济发展到一定阶段与社会生产力相适应的产物。在高速铁路快速发展中,高昂的成本成为其不可规避的难题。与普通铁路相比,高铁投资额大、技术难度高、收益回报周期长,因此,若要实现高速铁路的可持续发展,必须正确识别高铁成本与效益,在寻求降低成本途径的同时兼顾高铁的效益,处理好二者的关系。根据日本和欧洲发展高速铁路的经验可知,最初兴建高速铁路所带来的财务亏损在所难免,因为高速铁路的建设成本极高,没有雄厚的财力支持根本无法顺利进行。经历过发展的黑暗时期后,日本和欧洲的高速铁路还是走上了盈利的道路。中国的高速铁路尚在发展初期阶段,从财务上看其产生的收益远远难以弥补所投入的成本。但是,人们却常常忽视了一些社会外部性收益,例如,高速铁路带动了沿线经济的发展,减少环境污染和噪声污染等。从成本上看,也忽视了高铁建设引起的额外的社会外部性成本。而这些无法在财务上体现。可见,只从财务角度探讨高铁成本与收益问题,得出高铁是亏损的结论,似乎是有所偏差的。本文将探讨高速铁路成本收益问题,不再只是简单的从财务方面出发,而是充分考虑高铁建设所引起的成本以及收益,尤其是对难以直接量化的成本和收益的分析。本文利用成本效益分析法,根据高速铁路的特点及现状主要研究了高速铁路的基建成本、技术成本、安全成本、环境成本,以及这些成本对效益的影响,这对实现高铁的可持续发展有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:As a national transportation facility, high-speed railway is the product of the development of the national economy to a certain stage and the social productive forces. In the rapid development of high-speed railway, high cost has become an unavoidable problem. Compared with ordinary railways, high-speed rail has the advantages of large investment, high technical difficulty and long return period. Therefore, in order to realize the sustainable development of high-speed railway, it is necessary to correctly identify the cost and benefit of high-speed railway. In seeking ways to reduce costs while taking into account the benefits of high-speed rail, deal with the relationship between the two. Based on the experience of developing high-speed railways in Japan and Europe, the financial losses brought about by the initial construction of high-speed railways are inevitable, because the construction costs of high-speed railways are so high that they cannot proceed smoothly without strong financial support. After the dark days of development, Japanese and European high-speed railways are on a profitable path. China's high-speed railway is still in its early stage of development, and its revenue is far from being able to make up for the cost. However, people often ignore some social externalities, for example, high-speed railway promotes the development of economy along the line, reduces environmental pollution and noise pollution, and so on. In terms of cost, it also ignores the extra social externalities caused by the construction of high-speed railway. And these can't be shown financially. Thus, it seems that there is a deviation in the conclusion that high-speed rail is a loss only from the financial point of view of the costs and benefits of high-speed rail. This paper will discuss the cost and benefit of high speed railway, not only from the financial aspect, but also from the cost and income caused by the construction of high speed railway, especially the analysis of the cost and benefit which is difficult to quantify directly. Based on the characteristics and present situation of high-speed railway, this paper mainly studies the construction cost, technical cost, safety cost, environmental cost and the impact of these costs on the benefit of high-speed railway. It is of great significance to realize the sustainable development of high-speed railway.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F532.5

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