韩国高速铁路对经济发展影响研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 09:33

【摘要】：高速铁路以其独一无二的运输特性,在经济全球化的背景下,适应了客货位移距离长、空间范围广、时效性较强等要求,因而更加紧密地带动了经济社会发展的各个领域,并产生了深远的影响。韩国是世界上较早开始建设高速铁路的国家,在上世纪80年代末着手规划设计,并于1992年破土动工。为了建设好高速铁路,韩国政府专门成立了韩国高速铁路建设公团,负责高速铁路的设计、施工、监理,并筹措其建设资金。由于缺乏建设经验,在高速铁路建设初期出现了线路设计和施工标准上的误差,导致很多建好的路基和桥梁被拆毁,成本大幅提升。在引入了法国TGV的技术和车辆后,韩国高速铁路的建设取得进步,并逐步研发了 KTX-山川、HEMU-430X等拥有自主产权的高速动车组。在资金筹措方面,韩国京釜高速铁路采取了多种融资方式,由韩国高速铁路建设公团进行资金筹措,在全部所需的基础设施建设和车辆及技术引进费用中,其一半以上为国外借款、国内债券和私人投资,减轻了政府的财政负担。2004年,韩国京釜高速铁路建成通车,它的开通极大地改善了沿线城市的可达性,同城化效应初步显现,并促进了世宗特别自治市等新兴城市的发展和繁荣,形成了新的城市群和经济增长点。与此同时,高速铁路的开通对相关产业带来了深远的影响。在旅游业方面,高速铁路沿线城市的游客接待量大幅提高,相关配套产业受到积极带动,首尔至釜山的一日游也成为可能,但同时却扩大了非沿线城市与沿线城市间的旅游资源禀赋的差距;在民航运输业方面,由于韩国国土狭小,国内航线受高速铁路冲击很大,因而航空公司多将发展重心转移到国际航线上,而经营济州岛航线为主的廉价航空逐渐崛起。在产业结构方面,高速铁路加快了人口流动,促进了劳动力和生产要素的交换,加快了知识和技术的传播,引发了城市地租和租金的变化,因而导致中心城市愈发聚集金融、餐饮等高附加值产业,而传统制造业则搬迁至周边地区,也使得这些地区也获得了不同程度的发展。纵观韩国高速铁路的发展历程,虽然韩国高速铁路里程短、规模小、技术水平与我国高速铁路还有不小的差距,并且在建设初期产生了严重失误,但是依然有一些有益的启示。韩国高速铁路优质的服务和多元的产品、科学的融资模式和政府对公共交通的支持政策值得我们借鉴,而它的设计规划上的挫折是我们应当吸取的教训。
[Abstract]:In the context of economic globalization, high-speed railway, with its unique transport characteristics, has adapted to the requirements of long distance of passenger and cargo displacement, wide scope of space, strong timeliness, and so on, thus more closely driving various fields of economic and social development. And had a far-reaching impact. South Korea, a country that started to build high-speed railways early in the world, began planning and designing in the late 1980s and broke ground in 1992. In order to build the high-speed railway well, the Korean government has set up the Korea High-speed Railway Construction Company, which is responsible for the design, construction, supervision and fund-raising of the high-speed railway. Due to the lack of experience in high-speed railway construction, errors in the design and construction standards of high-speed railway lines occurred in the early stage of construction, resulting in the demolition of many constructed roadbed and bridges, resulting in a significant increase in cost. After the introduction of French TGV technology and vehicles, the construction of Korean high-speed railway has made progress, and has gradually developed KTX- mountain, HEMU-430X and other self-owned high-speed EMU. In terms of fund-raising, the Korean Beijing-kettle high-speed railway has adopted a variety of financing methods, financed by the Korea High-speed Railway Construction Company, out of the total cost of infrastructure construction and vehicle and technology introduction required by the South Korean High-speed Railway Construction Company. More than half of them are foreign loans, domestic bonds and private investment, reducing the financial burden of the government. In 2004, South Korea's Beijing-kettle high-speed railway was opened to traffic, and its opening greatly improved the accessibility of cities along the route, and the effect of city-to-city was initially revealed. It also promoted the development and prosperity of new cities, such as Shizong Special Autonomous City, and formed new urban agglomeration and economic growth point. At the same time, the opening of high-speed railway has brought far-reaching impact on related industries. In the area of tourism, the number of tourists received by cities along the high-speed railway line has greatly increased, the related supporting industries have been actively driven, and a one-day trip from Seoul to Busan has also become possible. But at the same time, it expands the gap of tourism resource endowment between non-cities and cities along the routes. In the area of civil aviation transportation, due to the small territory of South Korea and the impact of high-speed railway on domestic routes, airlines tend to shift their development focus to international routes, and the low-cost airlines operating mainly Jeju Island routes are rising gradually. In terms of industrial structure, high-speed railways have accelerated population mobility, promoted the exchange of labour and factors of production, accelerated the spread of knowledge and technology, led to changes in urban land rent and rent, and thus led to greater concentration of finance in central cities. High value-added industries such as food and beverage, while traditional manufacturing moved to surrounding areas, also led to varying degrees of development in these areas. Throughout the development process of Korean high-speed railway, although Korean high-speed railway has a short mileage and small scale, and the technical level of Korean high-speed railway is still quite different from that of our country, and it has made serious mistakes in the early stage of construction, there are still some beneficial enlightenments. The high-quality service and diversified products of Korean high-speed railway, the scientific financing mode and the government's policy of supporting public transport are worthy of our reference, and the setback in its design and planning is the lesson we should learn.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F533.126;F131.26

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