基于ArcGIS和RPSO的铁（公）路三维空间智能选线系统的研发
发布时间：2019-05-29 04:12
【摘要】：选线设计是一个需要综合考虑投资、运营、社会和环境等各方面因素的复杂过程,因此在人工操作过程中会由于设计人员主观因素而遗漏掉诸多有价值的方案。为解决这一问题,国内外学者提出了许多理论与方案,并已经取得了初步成果,如将美国的HAO模型与遗传算法和地理信息系统相结合,能在小范围内得到满意的线路方案,但由于该问题的复杂性,其解决大范围内高维、多约束的线形优化问题还有一定的距离。 为此,本文在消化吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,总结了该领域相关研究的优点和存在的问题,提出了一种结合改进HAO模型与PSO算法的三维空间智能选线方法,并由此方法开发了基于ArcGIS地理信息系统的三维空间智能选线系统。实验表明,应用本系统能有效地选择出满足设定目标及相关约束条件的最优三维线路,并能较好地适应地形变化,合理绕避障碍物。该系统将智能选线分为三维空间导向线的搜索和线形优化两个阶段,主要研究成果如下： (1)提出了三维空间导向线搜索的方法,即在基本HAO模型的基础上对其进行改进,利用改进后的HAO模型和粒子群算法(RPSO)搜索最优线路导向线。建立了选线区域内的改进HAO模型,并结合RPSO搜索出满足约束条件的线路导向线方案组,为三维线形优化提供初始方案。 (2)提出了三维空间线形优化的方法,建立了线形优化模型,并确定了模型的决策变量、适应度函数以及平纵约束条件,然后利用ArcGIS强大的空间分析能力,结合RPSO算法在选定的导向线方案附近对线形的各项参数进行同时优化,完成线路三维空间的智能选线,最终获得满足条件的最优线路方案。 本文利用上述模型与方法开发了基于ArcGIS地理信息系统的铁(公)路三维空间智能选线系统,并对测试结果进行分析,得出以下结论： ①方案多样性好、效率高。本研究利用改进的HAO模型与PSO算法,保证了线路方案的多样性,可为线路设计人员提供更多有参考价值的比选方案,避免了由于设计人员主观因素而遗漏可行方案。 ②全局最优化搜索方法,避免陷入局部最优。改进的HAO模型与PSO算法从理论上保证了线路导向线和线形优化不再局限于有限的铅垂面上,因而线形更加灵活,更容易搜索到全局最优方案。 ③适用于较大范围选线。ArcGIS能方便快捷地处理大范围的地形地貌,为大范围选线提供强有力的支撑。RPSO算法能依据线路必经地区将大范围选线问题分成多个相互关联的段落,分别进行线路搜索,提高搜索效率。
[Abstract]:Line selection design is a complex process that needs to consider investment, operation, society and environment, so many valuable schemes will be omitted because of the subjective factors of designers in the process of manual operation. In order to solve this problem, scholars at home and abroad have put forward many theories and schemes, and have achieved preliminary results. For example, by combining the HAO model of the United States with genetic algorithm and geographic information system, satisfactory line schemes can be obtained on a small scale. However, due to the complexity of the problem, it still has a certain distance to solve the linear optimization problem with high dimension and multiple constraints in a wide range. Therefore, on the basis of digesting and absorbing the research results at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the advantages and existing problems of the related research in this field, and proposes a three-dimensional spatial intelligent line selection method which combines the improved HAO model with PSO algorithm. Based on this method, a three-dimensional spatial intelligent line selection system based on ArcGIS geographic information system is developed. The experimental results show that the system can effectively select the optimal three-dimensional line to meet the set objectives and related constraints, and can adapt to the terrain changes and avoid obstacles reasonably. In this system, intelligent line selection is divided into two stages: three-dimensional spatial guide line search and linear optimization. The main research results are as follows: (1) the method of three-dimensional spatial guide line search is proposed. That is, on the basis of the basic HAO model, the improved HAO model and particle swarm optimization algorithm (RPSO) are used to search the optimal line guide line. The improved HAO model in the line selection area is established, and the line guide line scheme group satisfying the constraint conditions is searched by RPSO, which provides the initial scheme for the three-dimensional linear optimization. (2) the method of three-dimensional spatial linear optimization is put forward, and the linear optimization model is established, and the decision variables, adaptability function and horizontal and longitudinal constraints of the model are determined, and then the powerful spatial analysis ability of ArcGIS is used. Combined with RPSO algorithm, the parameters of the line are optimized near the selected guide line scheme at the same time, and the intelligent line selection in the three-dimensional space of the line is completed, and finally the optimal line scheme satisfying the conditions is obtained. In this paper, a three-dimensional spatial intelligent line selection system of iron (public) road based on ArcGIS geographic information system is developed by using the above models and methods, and the test results are analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the scheme has good diversity and high efficiency. In this study, the improved HAO model and PSO algorithm are used to ensure the diversity of line schemes, which can provide more valuable comparison and selection schemes for line designers, and avoid the omission of feasible schemes due to subjective factors of designers. Global optimization search method to avoid falling into local optimization. The improved HAO model and PSO algorithm theoretically ensure that the line guide line and linear optimization are no longer limited to the limited vertical surface, so the alignment is more flexible and it is easier to search for the global optimal scheme. (3) it is suitable for wide range line selection. ArcGIS can conveniently and quickly deal with large scale terrain and geomorphology, and provide strong support for wide range line selection. RPSO algorithm can divide the problem of wide range line selection into several interrelated paragraphs according to the area through which the line must pass. Carry on the line search separately, improve the search efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P208;U212.32;U412.32
本文编号：2487634
[Abstract]:Line selection design is a complex process that needs to consider investment, operation, society and environment, so many valuable schemes will be omitted because of the subjective factors of designers in the process of manual operation. In order to solve this problem, scholars at home and abroad have put forward many theories and schemes, and have achieved preliminary results. For example, by combining the HAO model of the United States with genetic algorithm and geographic information system, satisfactory line schemes can be obtained on a small scale. However, due to the complexity of the problem, it still has a certain distance to solve the linear optimization problem with high dimension and multiple constraints in a wide range. Therefore, on the basis of digesting and absorbing the research results at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the advantages and existing problems of the related research in this field, and proposes a three-dimensional spatial intelligent line selection method which combines the improved HAO model with PSO algorithm. Based on this method, a three-dimensional spatial intelligent line selection system based on ArcGIS geographic information system is developed. The experimental results show that the system can effectively select the optimal three-dimensional line to meet the set objectives and related constraints, and can adapt to the terrain changes and avoid obstacles reasonably. In this system, intelligent line selection is divided into two stages: three-dimensional spatial guide line search and linear optimization. The main research results are as follows: (1) the method of three-dimensional spatial guide line search is proposed. That is, on the basis of the basic HAO model, the improved HAO model and particle swarm optimization algorithm (RPSO) are used to search the optimal line guide line. The improved HAO model in the line selection area is established, and the line guide line scheme group satisfying the constraint conditions is searched by RPSO, which provides the initial scheme for the three-dimensional linear optimization. (2) the method of three-dimensional spatial linear optimization is put forward, and the linear optimization model is established, and the decision variables, adaptability function and horizontal and longitudinal constraints of the model are determined, and then the powerful spatial analysis ability of ArcGIS is used. Combined with RPSO algorithm, the parameters of the line are optimized near the selected guide line scheme at the same time, and the intelligent line selection in the three-dimensional space of the line is completed, and finally the optimal line scheme satisfying the conditions is obtained. In this paper, a three-dimensional spatial intelligent line selection system of iron (public) road based on ArcGIS geographic information system is developed by using the above models and methods, and the test results are analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the scheme has good diversity and high efficiency. In this study, the improved HAO model and PSO algorithm are used to ensure the diversity of line schemes, which can provide more valuable comparison and selection schemes for line designers, and avoid the omission of feasible schemes due to subjective factors of designers. Global optimization search method to avoid falling into local optimization. The improved HAO model and PSO algorithm theoretically ensure that the line guide line and linear optimization are no longer limited to the limited vertical surface, so the alignment is more flexible and it is easier to search for the global optimal scheme. (3) it is suitable for wide range line selection. ArcGIS can conveniently and quickly deal with large scale terrain and geomorphology, and provide strong support for wide range line selection. RPSO algorithm can divide the problem of wide range line selection into several interrelated paragraphs according to the area through which the line must pass. Carry on the line search separately, improve the search efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P208;U212.32;U412.32
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