三沙海事监管研究
发布时间：2019-06-30 21:04
【摘要】：早在19世纪,美国海军上校马汉在著名的《海权论》一书中就提到“海权即凭借海洋或者通过海洋能够使一个民族成为伟大民族的一切东西”,“谁控制了海洋,谁就控制了贸易,谁控制了贸易,谁就控制了世界的财富,最后也就控制了世界本身”。可以说西方人的海洋意识在近代得到了快速发展,然而在西方世界海洋意识崛起的时候,我们的海洋意识还处在萌芽状态,以至于错过了历史上最难得的历史机遇期。进入20世纪后,各国的海洋意识普遍提高,人们对海洋的重视达到了前所未有的程度,海洋资源的开发让一些海洋国家获得了丰厚的汇报。随着海洋开发的不断发展,各沿海国的海洋管理等工作不断加强,但由于国情和历史的不同,海洋管理的特点也不相同。 进入21世纪后,人们更是相信21世纪是海洋的世纪。各国都在如何进一步完善和改进本国的海洋管理工作上努力探索,寻找适合自身的海洋管理体制。我国海上行政执法体制与很多国家不同,经过几次机构改革后,形成了海事、海关、海洋、边防、渔政等多部门共同管理的机制。本文主要研究海事机构在三沙海域内依法行使海事监管职能问题。 三沙是我国最年轻的城市,所辖海域范围逾200万平方千米,大约相当于全中国陆地面积的四分之一,其中有超过200个无人居住的岛屿和岩礁。三沙市所辖的南海海域不仅是我国渔民重要的传统渔场和东北亚最重要的国际通道,也是我国海洋资源最丰富的海域。2010年中华人民共和国西沙海事局挂牌成立,揭开了三沙海事监管的新篇章,但由于三沙海事局起步晚,机构设置和人才队伍及执法装备配置还不够完善,相关的法律法规和规章制度也还不够健全,加上南海的地理位置及局势的特殊性,三沙海事监管工作还存在着一些问题和不足。 本文主要运用公共管理学的原理和理论基础,通过大量的历史文献、国际公约和法律法规,比较国内外海上执法体制及队伍力量及发展情况以及三沙海事监管现状,借鉴发达国家在海事监管方面的好的经验和做法。在此基础上对三沙海事监管现状进行研究分析,剖析三沙海事监管存在问题的深层次原因,并在研究分析过程中对已有问题和经验进行归纳总结提出自己的理论和看法,对三沙海事监管工作提出自己的建议和看法以及加强三沙海事监管的思路和对策。
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, U. S. Navy Colonel Mahan mentioned in his famous Maritime Power Theory that "sea power means everything that can make a nation a great nation by virtue of the sea or through the ocean." whoever controls the ocean, who controls trade, who controls the wealth of the world, and finally controls the world itself. " It can be said that Westerners' marine consciousness has developed rapidly in modern times. However, when the western world's marine consciousness rose, our marine consciousness was still in its infancy, so that we missed the most rare historical opportunity in history. After entering the 20th century, the marine consciousness of various countries has been generally improved, and people have paid more attention to the ocean than ever before. The exploitation of marine resources has made some marine countries get rich reports. With the continuous development of marine development, the marine management of coastal countries has been strengthened, but due to the different national conditions and history, the characteristics of marine management are also different. After entering the 21 st century, people believe that the 21 st century is the century of the ocean. All countries strive to explore how to further improve and improve their own marine management, and find a suitable marine management system. The maritime administrative law enforcement system in China is different from that in many countries. After several institutional reforms, a joint management mechanism of maritime, customs, marine, border defense, fisheries and other departments has been formed. This paper mainly studies the maritime institutions exercising maritime supervision function in Sansha sea area according to law. Sansha is the youngest city in China, with a sea area of more than 2 million square kilometers, equivalent to about 1/4 of the land area of China, including more than 200 uninhabited islands and reefs. The South China Sea area under the jurisdiction of Sansha City is not only an important traditional fishing ground for Chinese fishermen and the most important international passage in Northeast Asia, but also the most abundant marine resources in China. The establishment of the Xisha Maritime Bureau of the people's Republic of China in 2010 opened a new chapter in the maritime supervision of Sansha. However, due to the late start of the Sansha Maritime Bureau, the establishment of the organization and the allocation of personnel and law enforcement equipment are not perfect. The relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, coupled with the geographical location of the South China Sea and the particularity of the situation, there are still some problems and deficiencies in the maritime supervision of Sansha. Based on the principles and theoretical basis of public management, through a large number of historical documents, international conventions and laws and regulations, this paper compares the strength and development of maritime law enforcement system and team at home and abroad, as well as the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, and draws lessons from the good experience and practices of developed countries in maritime supervision. On this basis, this paper studies and analyzes the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, analyzes the deep-seated causes of the problems existing in Sansha maritime supervision, and puts forward its own theories and views in the process of research and analysis, puts forward its own suggestions and views on Sansha maritime supervision and control work, and puts forward some ideas and countermeasures for strengthening Sansha maritime supervision and control.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630;F552.7
本文编号：2508250
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, U. S. Navy Colonel Mahan mentioned in his famous Maritime Power Theory that "sea power means everything that can make a nation a great nation by virtue of the sea or through the ocean." whoever controls the ocean, who controls trade, who controls the wealth of the world, and finally controls the world itself. " It can be said that Westerners' marine consciousness has developed rapidly in modern times. However, when the western world's marine consciousness rose, our marine consciousness was still in its infancy, so that we missed the most rare historical opportunity in history. After entering the 20th century, the marine consciousness of various countries has been generally improved, and people have paid more attention to the ocean than ever before. The exploitation of marine resources has made some marine countries get rich reports. With the continuous development of marine development, the marine management of coastal countries has been strengthened, but due to the different national conditions and history, the characteristics of marine management are also different. After entering the 21 st century, people believe that the 21 st century is the century of the ocean. All countries strive to explore how to further improve and improve their own marine management, and find a suitable marine management system. The maritime administrative law enforcement system in China is different from that in many countries. After several institutional reforms, a joint management mechanism of maritime, customs, marine, border defense, fisheries and other departments has been formed. This paper mainly studies the maritime institutions exercising maritime supervision function in Sansha sea area according to law. Sansha is the youngest city in China, with a sea area of more than 2 million square kilometers, equivalent to about 1/4 of the land area of China, including more than 200 uninhabited islands and reefs. The South China Sea area under the jurisdiction of Sansha City is not only an important traditional fishing ground for Chinese fishermen and the most important international passage in Northeast Asia, but also the most abundant marine resources in China. The establishment of the Xisha Maritime Bureau of the people's Republic of China in 2010 opened a new chapter in the maritime supervision of Sansha. However, due to the late start of the Sansha Maritime Bureau, the establishment of the organization and the allocation of personnel and law enforcement equipment are not perfect. The relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, coupled with the geographical location of the South China Sea and the particularity of the situation, there are still some problems and deficiencies in the maritime supervision of Sansha. Based on the principles and theoretical basis of public management, through a large number of historical documents, international conventions and laws and regulations, this paper compares the strength and development of maritime law enforcement system and team at home and abroad, as well as the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, and draws lessons from the good experience and practices of developed countries in maritime supervision. On this basis, this paper studies and analyzes the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, analyzes the deep-seated causes of the problems existing in Sansha maritime supervision, and puts forward its own theories and views in the process of research and analysis, puts forward its own suggestions and views on Sansha maritime supervision and control work, and puts forward some ideas and countermeasures for strengthening Sansha maritime supervision and control.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630;F552.7
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