地方政府旅游应急管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 19:58

本文选题：地方政府 + 旅游应急管理　；参考：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：旅游产业素有“无烟产业”和“永远的朝阳产业”之称,是综合性和依托性强的产业,具有涉及面广、关联性大、带动性强的特点,在国民经济发展中有着重要地位和支柱作用。自改革开放以来,我国旅游业快速发展,产业规模不断扩大,产业体系日趋完善,旅游业已成为我国国民经济的战略性支柱产业,据国家统计局公告,“2012年,全国国内旅游人数为29.57亿人次,国内旅游收入22706.2亿元人民币。”旅游活动在时间上的暂时性以及空间上的异地性,在运行过程中呈现出关联广泛的综合性特点,使得旅游业在快速发展的同时也面临着各种负面事件的威胁,任何突发事件都可能对旅游业的稳定发展产生影响,比如经济危机、自然灾害、文化冲突、公共卫生事件等。另一方面,旅游过程本身也暗藏着大量的突发风险事件,如旅游者因事故灾难、自然灾害、突发社会安全事件以及突发公共卫生事件而发生的重大游客伤亡事件等。仅2003年的“非典”,给我国旅游业导致旅游总收入降低了2768亿元的巨大损失和面临1989年来旅游业第一次负增长的严峻问题。因此近些年来,国内兴起突发公共事件应急管理的研究并逐渐成为焦点,提高政府处理与解决突发公共事件的能力也同样受到公众的关注。旅游应急管理能力需要加强,这关乎国家经济社会发展战略和人民群众生命财产安全,是全面落实科学发展观、建设社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,也是社会管理体制创新的必然需要。通过文献检索,对地方旅游应急管理定义是：地方旅游行业机构以及政府旅游管理部门在旅游突发事件的事前预警、事发应对、事中处理与事后处理阶段里,通过建立旅游突发事件应急机制,采取必要的方法措施,使得游客的人身财产安全得到保证,促进旅游业以及社会的健康快速发展。旅游应急管理,重点在应急管理的三个阶段和九个重点方面,即事前的风险管理、制定应急预案、演习与培训、应急资源的准备、沟通与媒体；危机事中的应急管理、沟通与媒体；危机事后的危机恢复、危机评估。旅游应急管理是综合应用科学、科技、计划和管理的学科,用于处理在旅游业中对大量旅游人群造成重大人身伤害或财产损失以及干扰社会生活的事件。本文综合运用理论研究法、案例分析法、比较分析法开展研究,归纳出有关地方政府旅游应急管理的基本理论,分析旅游危机的过程管理以及旅游应急管理的处理机制,对比中央政府与地方政府的不同职责,分析地方政府旅游应急管理的具体任务。就地方政府如何完善突发事件应急管理机制,有效地提高相关部门处理旅游突发事件的能力做好相关的应急救援工作,更好地保护游客的生命财产安全,最大限度地降低突发事件对旅游业导致的损失作出了全面的概述。在对比“非典”时期桂林市旅游应急处理、“太湖水污染”发生时无锡市政府的旅游应急以及“5·12”汶川大地震之后震区地方政府旅游业恢复工作的研究发现：面对层出不穷的突发事件,我国地方政府的旅游应急管理机制还不够完善,危机处理还不能够很好的开展。甚至,在面对可能的多种突发事件并发局面时,有的地方政府和旅游企业在应急管理中容易出现行动不协调的现象或出现隐瞒不报等情况,严重影响旅游业处理突发事件的效率。通过案例中各地政府面对危机事件应急管理的对比分析,提出我国县级政府应急管理的困境,相关预防管理、联动协调、危机公关以及组织体系中需要解决的问题。本文得出旅游突发事件的发生发展过程往往具有潜伏期、形成期、暴发相持期和消退期,旅游应急管理是为对旅游突发事件的全过程管理。旅游应急管理可根据突发事件的发展过程分为预测预警、识别控制、紧急处理和善后管理四个环节；其次,旅游应急管理表现为一个动态管理,包括预防、准备、响应和恢复四个阶段；最后,旅游应急管理表现为一个完整的系统工程,可以概括为“一案三制”,即旅游突发事件应急预案和应急机制、体制和法制。本文最后提出：地方政府为加强旅游突发事件应急管理水平,有效提高防范和应对旅游业突发事件能力,必须坚持以人为本的执政理念,提高行政效率,坚持以全过程管理为主线,以风险防控为核心,建立完善地方政府旅游应急管理体系,实施全过程的综合应急管理。同时,应急处置过程中,要加强与各部门、各条块、各层级之间的应急处理联动,加强日常信息互通,各部门的联动,以及相邻地方政府互动,增强旅游危机处理的主动性和协调性。
[Abstract]:The tourism industry is known as "smokeless industry" and "everlasting sunrise industry". It is an industry with comprehensive and strong support. It has a wide range, great relevance and strong driving characteristics. It has an important position and pillar role in the development of the national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's tourism industry has developed rapidly and the industrial scale has been expanding continuously. As the industrial system is becoming more and more perfect, tourism has become the strategic pillar industry of our national economy. According to the State Bureau of statistics, "in 2012, the number of domestic tourists is 2 billion 957 million people, and the domestic tourism income is 2 trillion and 270 billion 620 million yuan RMB." the temporal and spatial characteristics of tourism activities were presented in the process of operation. With the comprehensive and comprehensive characteristics, the tourism industry is faced with the threat of all kinds of negative events at the same time. Any unexpected events may have an impact on the stable development of tourism, such as economic crisis, natural disasters, cultural conflicts, public health events and so on. On the other hand, the tourism process itself is hidden in a large number of sudden events. Risk events, such as the tourist accidents caused by accidents, natural disasters, social security emergencies and public health emergencies, and so on. Only in 2003, the "SARS" gave the tourism industry a huge loss of 276 billion 800 million yuan to China's tourism industry and the first negative growth of tourism in 1989. A serious problem.
Therefore, in recent years, the domestic emergence of emergency management of public emergency management has gradually become the focus. To improve the government's ability to deal with and solve public emergencies is also concerned by the public. The ability of emergency management of tourism needs to be strengthened, which is about the national economic and social development strategy and the safety of the people's life and property. Real Scientific Outlook on Development, an important part of building a harmonious socialist society, is also an inevitable need for the innovation of social management system.
Through the literature retrieval, the definition of local tourism emergency management is: the local tourism industry organizations and the government tourism management departments in the pre-warning, incident, handling and post-processing of tourism emergencies, through the establishment of emergency mechanism of tourism emergencies, take the necessary methods and measures to make the personal property of tourists. Security is guaranteed to promote the healthy and rapid development of tourism and society. Emergency management of tourism focuses on three stages and nine key aspects of emergency management, risk management before the immediate event, emergency plan, exercise and training, preparation of emergency resources, communication and media; emergency management in crisis, communication and media; crisis. Crisis recovery, crisis assessment. Tourism emergency management is a comprehensive application of science, technology, planning and management. It is used to deal with events that cause significant personal injury or property loss to a large number of tourists and interference in social life in the tourism industry.
This paper uses the theory research method, the case analysis method and the comparative analysis method to carry out the research, sums up the basic theories about the local government tourism emergency management, analyzes the process management of the tourism crisis and the processing mechanism of the tourism emergency management, compares the different responsibilities between the central government and the local government, and analyzes the emergency management of the local government tourism. The specific task of the local government is to improve the emergency management mechanism of emergency and improve the relevant departments' ability to deal with tourism emergencies, to better protect the safety of the tourists' life and property, and to make a comprehensive overview of the losses caused by the emergency. In contrast to the emergency treatment of Guilin in the period of "SARS", the study on the tourism emergency of Wuxi municipal government and the recovery of local government tourism after the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake in "Taihu water pollution" found that the emergency management mechanism of the local government in China is not enough to be finished. Good, crisis management can not be carried out well. Even in the face of a variety of possible emergencies, some local governments and tourism enterprises are prone to uncoordinated action or concealment in emergency management, which seriously affect the efficiency of the tourism management. In the face of the comparative analysis of emergency management of crisis events, the plight of emergency management at the county level in China, related prevention and management, coordination and coordination, crisis public relations and the problems that need to be solved in the organization system are put forward.
This paper concludes that the development process of tourism emergencies often has the latent period, the formation period, the outbreak phase and the retreat period, the tourism emergency management is the whole process management for the tourism emergencies. The tourism emergency management can be divided into four rings according to the development process of the unexpected events, which are forecast early warning, identification control, emergency treatment and post management. Secondly, the tourism emergency management performance is a dynamic management, including four stages of prevention, preparation, response and recovery. Finally, tourism emergency management is a complete system engineering, which can be summarized as "one case three systems", that is, emergency plan and emergency mechanism, system and legal system for tourism emergencies.
At the end of this paper, the local government, in order to strengthen the emergency management level of tourism emergencies, effectively improve the ability to prevent and cope with the unexpected events in the tourism industry, must adhere to the people-oriented ruling concept, improve the administrative efficiency, adhere to the whole process management as the main line, and take the risk prevention and control as the core, establish and perfect the local government tourism emergency management body. At the same time, in the process of emergency disposal, we should strengthen the emergency handling and linkage between the various departments, the various blocks and the various levels, strengthen the daily information exchange, the linkage of the various departments, and the interaction between the adjacent local governments, and enhance the initiative and coordination of the tourism crisis management.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F592.7;D63

【参考文献】