我国古代夯土建筑遗址灰土材料的初步研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 07:11

本文选题：古代夯土建筑 + 灰土　；参考：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：夯土建筑属于生土建筑的范畴,在我国古代有着广泛的应用和分布。古代夯土建筑的营造,包括建筑环境的选择,建筑材料的筛选与加工,建造工艺的改良与改进等方面,都蕴含着大量先民的智慧。灰土材料在我国新石器时代晚期就有应用,后来随着石灰生产技术的不断提高,灰土材料在建筑上的应用也逐渐广泛起来,除了作为胶结材料外,也直接用于夯土的夯筑。本论文在前期调查工作的基础上,通过基础土工试验和一些现代分析技术,主要完成了以下方面的工作： 1.用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对各遗址夯土进行定性定量分析,发现统万城夯土中有石灰材料的加入,土样中方解石晶型的碳酸钙含量为12.5%；辽上京皇城夯土夯筑前也加入了石灰对土进行改性,土样中方解石晶型的碳酸钙含量为33.8%,类似三七灰土,而辽上京汉城夯土则未发现石灰材料的加入；明长城海墁层夯土方解石含量高达70.3%,为石灰和粘土拌合夯筑而成,明长城夯土一未发现石灰材料的加入,夯土二方解石含量为11.6%,可能是加入石灰夯筑而成的；白杨沟夯土中有石灰材料的加入,其方解石晶型的碳酸钙含量为41.8%,而白杨沟土坯中未发现石灰材料的加入。此外,扫描电镜分析还发现,加入石灰材料的夯土结构更加致密,土粒粘结也更紧密。 2.对统万城遗址、辽上京遗址、陕北榆林地区明长城、哈密白杨沟佛寺遗址夯土进行理化性质测定实验。结果表明,石灰材料的加入,提高了夯土的理化性能,具体表现在：统万城夯土理化性能优良,尤其是力学强度高于国内其他夯土建筑遗址平均水平；辽上京皇城夯土理化性能优于汉城夯土；明长城海墁层夯土理化性能优于另外两个夯土；白杨沟佛寺遗址夯土理化性能优于土坯。 3.通过碘淀粉显色反应,分析各遗址加入石灰的夯土中是否含有糯米成分。结果显示,各遗址土样碘淀粉显色反应结果均为浅黄色,土样中不含糯米的有机成分。总而言之,本论文以典型夯土建筑遗址灰土材料为例,分析研究其成分、结构及理化性质,在对传统灰土材料的研究上取得了一定的成果。
[Abstract]:Rammed earth architecture belongs to the category of raw soil architecture, which is widely used and distributed in ancient China. The construction of ancient rammed earth architecture, including the choice of architectural environment, the selection and processing of building materials, and the improvement and improvement of construction technology, all contain a great deal of wisdom of the ancestors. Lime-soil materials have been used in the late Neolithic period in China. With the continuous improvement of lime production technology, lime-soil materials have gradually been widely used in buildings, in addition to being used as cementing materials, they are also directly used for ramming of rammed soil. In this paper, based on the previous investigation work, through the basic geotechnical tests and some modern analytical techniques, the following work has been accomplished: 1. Using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the rammed soil of various sites, it is found that there is lime material in the rammed soil of Tongwancheng, and the calcium carbonate content of calcite crystal form in the soil sample is 12.5%. Lime was added to the rammed soil before ramming of the rammed soil in the city of Liaoshangjing. The calcium carbonate content of calcite crystal type in the soil sample was 33.8, similar to that of Panax notoginseng lime soil, but the lime material was not found in the rammed soil of Liaoshangjing and Seoul. The content of calcite in the Great Wall layer is as high as 70.3, which is composed of lime and clay mixing and ramming. In Ming the Great Wall rammed soil, the addition of lime is not found, and the content of calcite in rammed earth is 11.6. it may be made by adding lime into rammed soil. The calcite crystal calcium carbonate content is 41.8%, but the lime material is not found in the adobe of Baiyanggou compacted soil. In addition, SEM analysis also found that the compacted soil structure was more compact and the soil particle bonding was more compact with lime addition. 2. 2. The physical and chemical properties of tamped soil from Tongwancheng site, Liaoshangjing site, Ming the Great Wall and Hami Baiyanggou Buddhist temple site in Yulin area of northern Shaanxi were determined. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of rammed soil are improved by the addition of lime material. The results are as follows: the physical and chemical properties of the rammed soil in Tongwancheng are excellent, especially the mechanical strength is higher than the average level of other rammed soil architectural sites in China; The physical and chemical properties of the rammed soil in the imperial city of Liaoshangjing are superior to those in Seoul; the physical and chemical properties of the rammed soil in the Great Wall layer are better than those in the other two rammed soils; The color reaction of iodized starch was used to analyze whether the rammed soil added lime to the site contains glutinous rice. The results showed that the color reaction of iodine starch was light yellow and there was no organic component of glutinous rice in soil samples. In a word, this paper takes the typical lime-soil materials of rammed earth architectural sites as an example, analyzes and studies its composition, structure and physical and chemical properties, and has made some achievements in the research of traditional lime-soil materials.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K878;TU50

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