我国旅游业发展中的政府角色变迁研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 19:43
【摘要】：经过30多年的改革开放,我国成功实现了由旅游资源大国向旅游大国的转变,但与美国、法国、西班牙、德国等世界旅游强国相比,我国旅游业依然缺乏核心竞争力,实现由旅游大国向旅游强国转变的任务依然艰巨。世界旅游组织提出：政府在旅游业发展的不同阶段应扮演不同的角色。在我国旅游业由单纯规模增长向产业素质提升转变的关键时期,分析旅游业发展中的政府角色问题,是我国旅游业发展面临的重要理论和政策课题。 在我国旅游业发展中政府角色问题的研究领域,旅游经济学应用市场失灵与政府规制理论分析了政府介入旅游市场的必要性及其弥补旅游市场失灵的角色定位,旅游学论述了政府旅游部门在旅游业发展不同阶段的不同角色。但是,已有的研究对我国旅游业发展中政府角色问题的时代背景——“经济转轨中政府与市场关系变迁”尚未给予足够的关注。为弥补这一研究视角的缺失,本文引入转轨经济学的理论和方法,对经济转轨背景下旅游业发展中的政府角色变迁进行了以下具有一定创新性的研究： (1)构建了我国旅游业发展中政府角色定位的分析框架,分析了旅游业发展不同阶段对政府作用的不同需求,论证了通过政府转型,形成市场主导、政府服务的旅游发展方式在经济转轨时期促进旅游业健康发展的必要性和必然性。 (2)分析了我国旅游业发展中政府角色的变迁历程和实质,评估了不同时期我国政府在旅游业发展中的角色扮演及其绩效,阐述了我国旅游业发展中政府角色变迁的本质。 在我国改革开放初期,政府由完全取代市场向开放市场和培育市场主体转变,有效激发了市场活力,促进了旅游业的繁荣。随着市场化改革的逐步深入,政府开始扮演市场调控者角色,通过产业政策有效促进了旅游市场总供给与总需求的平衡,但随后借助行政手段调整旅游市场结构的努力未能奏效。与此同时,政府也开始扮演管制人角色,但前期采取的行政性规制手段导致了市场的混乱,而中期出台的规制性法规却促进了行业的有序发展,后期出台的标准引导了行业的健康发展。另外政府还扮演了守夜人的角色,动用行政力量促进了行业法规的实施。 (3)研究了我国旅游业发展中政府角色变迁的基本特征。本文认为,我国政府在旅游业发展中的角色变迁动力包括开放动力、需求动力与市场动力。其中开放动力是原始动力,需求动力是持续动力,市场动力是主导动力。我国旅游业发展中政府角色的变迁具有政府推动、市场主导,渐进性,角色非均衡,约束条件限制性等基本特征。 (4)分析了我国旅游业发展中政府角色变迁的趋势,以现阶段我国旅游业发展中政府角色变迁的需求动力调研和市场动力分析为依据,结合现阶段我国旅游业发展中更加关注旅游资源的社会价值、强化市场对旅游资源配置的基础性作用等政府理念创新趋势,本文的研究结论是,我国旅游业发展中政府角色变迁的基本趋势为：公益人的角色将逐步完善；调控者的角色将持续改善。 (5)论证了我国旅游业发展中政府角色优化的目标与改革路径,一是扮演管制人与守夜人角色,应对旅游市场信息的不对称；二是扮演调控者、管制人、守夜人与仲裁者的角色,有效解决旅游市场的外部性问题；三是扮演公益人的角色,推进旅游经济体制和管理制度改革；四是扮演协调者的角色,促进旅游服务供给结构与需求结构的匹配和均衡。
[Abstract]:After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China has successfully realized the transformation from a large tourist resource country to a great tourist country. However, compared with the world tourism powers such as the United States, France, Spain and Germany, our tourism industry still lacks the core competitiveness, and the task of transforming from a great tourist power to a powerful tourist power is still arduous. In the different stages of tourism development, the government should play different roles. In the critical period of China's tourism industry from simple scale growth to industrial quality, the analysis of the role of government in the development of tourism is an important theoretical and policy topic for the development of China's tourism industry.
In the research field of the role of government in the development of China's tourism industry, tourism economics applies market failure and government regulation theory to analyze the necessity of government intervention in the tourism market and the role to make up for the role of tourism market failure. Tourism studies the different roles of government tourism departments in different stages of tourism development. Some studies have not paid enough attention to the background of the role of government in the development of China's tourism industry - "the relationship between government and the market in the economic transition". In order to make up for the lack of this research perspective, this paper introduces the theory and method of transition economics to change the role of government in the development of Tourism under the background of economic transition. The following innovative studies have been carried out:
(1) the analysis framework of the role of government role in the development of tourism industry in China is constructed, and the different needs of the government in different stages of tourism development are analyzed, and the necessity and necessity of promoting the healthy development of tourism in the period of economic transition is demonstrated by the transformation of the government, the formation of market leading, and the tourism development mode of government service.
(2) it analyzes the changing course and essence of the role of government in the development of China's tourism industry, evaluates the role played by the government in the development of tourism in different periods and its performance, and expounds the essence of the change of government role in the development of China's tourism industry.
In the early stage of China's reform and opening up, the government has changed from the market to the open market and the main body of the market, effectively stimulating the vitality of the market and promoting the prosperity of the tourism industry. With the gradual deepening of the market-oriented reform, the government has begun to play the role of the market regulator and effectively promoted the total supply and demand of the tourism market through industrial policy. At the same time, the government began to play the role of the regulator. However, the government began to play the role of the regulator, but the earlier administrative regulations led to the chaos of the market, and the regulatory regulations issued in the middle period promoted the orderly development of the industry. The government also acted as a watchman, using administrative power to promote the implementation of industry regulations.
(3) the basic characteristics of the role change of the government in the development of tourism industry in China are studied. The motivation of the role changes of our government in the development of tourism industry includes open power, demand power and market power. The driving force is the original driving force, the demand power is the continuous motive force, the market power is the dominant motive force. The change of government's role has the basic characteristics of government impetus, market leading, gradual, unbalanced role and restrictive conditions.
(4) the trend of the change of government role in the development of China's tourism is analyzed. Based on the demand dynamic investigation and market dynamic analysis of the changes of government role in the development of China's tourism industry at the present stage, the social value of tourism resources is paid more attention to in the development of China's tourism industry at the present stage, and the basic work of the market to the allocation of tourism resources is strengthened. In this paper, the basic trend of the change of government role in the development of China's tourism industry is that the role of public welfare people will be gradually improved, and the role of the regulators will continue to improve.
(5) the objective and the reform path of the government role optimization in the development of China's tourism industry are demonstrated, one is to play the role of the regulator and night watchman, to cope with the asymmetric information of the tourism market, and the two is to play the role of regulators, regulators, night watchmen and arbitrators, to effectively solve the external problems of the tourism market; and three to play the role of public welfare people, Fourthly, we should act as a coordinator to promote the matching and balance between the supply structure and demand structure of tourism services.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;F592
本文编号：2142456
[Abstract]:After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China has successfully realized the transformation from a large tourist resource country to a great tourist country. However, compared with the world tourism powers such as the United States, France, Spain and Germany, our tourism industry still lacks the core competitiveness, and the task of transforming from a great tourist power to a powerful tourist power is still arduous. In the different stages of tourism development, the government should play different roles. In the critical period of China's tourism industry from simple scale growth to industrial quality, the analysis of the role of government in the development of tourism is an important theoretical and policy topic for the development of China's tourism industry.
In the research field of the role of government in the development of China's tourism industry, tourism economics applies market failure and government regulation theory to analyze the necessity of government intervention in the tourism market and the role to make up for the role of tourism market failure. Tourism studies the different roles of government tourism departments in different stages of tourism development. Some studies have not paid enough attention to the background of the role of government in the development of China's tourism industry - "the relationship between government and the market in the economic transition". In order to make up for the lack of this research perspective, this paper introduces the theory and method of transition economics to change the role of government in the development of Tourism under the background of economic transition. The following innovative studies have been carried out:
(1) the analysis framework of the role of government role in the development of tourism industry in China is constructed, and the different needs of the government in different stages of tourism development are analyzed, and the necessity and necessity of promoting the healthy development of tourism in the period of economic transition is demonstrated by the transformation of the government, the formation of market leading, and the tourism development mode of government service.
(2) it analyzes the changing course and essence of the role of government in the development of China's tourism industry, evaluates the role played by the government in the development of tourism in different periods and its performance, and expounds the essence of the change of government role in the development of China's tourism industry.
In the early stage of China's reform and opening up, the government has changed from the market to the open market and the main body of the market, effectively stimulating the vitality of the market and promoting the prosperity of the tourism industry. With the gradual deepening of the market-oriented reform, the government has begun to play the role of the market regulator and effectively promoted the total supply and demand of the tourism market through industrial policy. At the same time, the government began to play the role of the regulator. However, the government began to play the role of the regulator, but the earlier administrative regulations led to the chaos of the market, and the regulatory regulations issued in the middle period promoted the orderly development of the industry. The government also acted as a watchman, using administrative power to promote the implementation of industry regulations.
(3) the basic characteristics of the role change of the government in the development of tourism industry in China are studied. The motivation of the role changes of our government in the development of tourism industry includes open power, demand power and market power. The driving force is the original driving force, the demand power is the continuous motive force, the market power is the dominant motive force. The change of government's role has the basic characteristics of government impetus, market leading, gradual, unbalanced role and restrictive conditions.
(4) the trend of the change of government role in the development of China's tourism is analyzed. Based on the demand dynamic investigation and market dynamic analysis of the changes of government role in the development of China's tourism industry at the present stage, the social value of tourism resources is paid more attention to in the development of China's tourism industry at the present stage, and the basic work of the market to the allocation of tourism resources is strengthened. In this paper, the basic trend of the change of government role in the development of China's tourism industry is that the role of public welfare people will be gradually improved, and the role of the regulators will continue to improve.
(5) the objective and the reform path of the government role optimization in the development of China's tourism industry are demonstrated, one is to play the role of the regulator and night watchman, to cope with the asymmetric information of the tourism market, and the two is to play the role of regulators, regulators, night watchmen and arbitrators, to effectively solve the external problems of the tourism market; and three to play the role of public welfare people, Fourthly, we should act as a coordinator to promote the matching and balance between the supply structure and demand structure of tourism services.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;F592
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