民窑之辩——石湾窑文化解析

发布时间：2018-07-29 07:14

【摘要】：石湾窑为中国著名民窑,但在中国陶瓷史上被忽略与误解,其作为"中国陶"代表的地位亦同时被贬低。石湾陶器起源于新石器时代,明清以来代表了广窑的最高水平。石湾窑的文化特点可总结为九点:源远流长,影响广泛;扬长避短,另辟蹊径;兼收并蓄,擅仿擅创;源于生活,高于生活;妙趣天成,大巧若拙;诗意表现,艺之大成;岭南风骨,广府特色;名家辈出,代代相承;精于匠作,疏于理论。官窑与民窑之别,不应在艺术的高低,而应在于追求趣味的不同。官窑追求的是统治阶级的欣赏趣味,而民窑追求的是劳动人民的生活情趣。陶胜于质朴,瓷胜于精致,陶与瓷,不可以高低论。石湾窑在中国名窑之林独树一帜,以其并不优越的陶土塑造出超越诸多名窑的石湾陶塑艺术,最大限度地表现了岭南的地域文化,成就了中国陶器的一个巅峰。
[Abstract]:Shiwan kiln is a famous folk kiln in China, but it has been neglected and misunderstood in the history of Chinese ceramics. Shiwan pottery originated in the Neolithic Age and represents the highest level of the Guangyao kiln since the Ming and Qing dynasties. The cultural characteristics of Shiwan Kiln can be summed up as nine points: it has a long history and has a wide range of influences; it takes advantage of its strengths and circumvents its weaknesses, and seeks another way; it is eclectic and is good at imitation and creation; it originates from life and is superior to life; Lingnan Feng-bone, wide-government characteristics; famous scholars, generation after generation; good at craftsmanship, neglect of theory. The difference between official kiln and folk kiln should not be in art, but in pursuit of different taste. The official kiln pursues the taste of the ruling class, while the folk kiln pursues the life interest of the working people. Tao Sheng is simple, porcelain is better than exquisite, pottery and porcelain, can not be high or low. Shiwan Kiln is unique in the famous kiln forest in China. With its unfavorable clay, Shiwan pottery sculpture art surpasses many famous kilns. It shows the regional culture of Lingnan to the maximum extent and achieves a peak of Chinese pottery.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学;顺德职业技术学院;东华大学;栋宇设计工作室;
【基金】：2012年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(编号:12YJAZH218) 佛山市哲学社会科学规划项目(编号:2010-W4) 顺德职业技术学院科研项目(编号:2009-RW10)
【分类号】：J527;K876.3

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