基于增权理论的海岛社区参与旅游研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 15:44

【摘要】：自2010年我国颁布适应全国范围的《海岛保护法》以来，国家对海岛保护兼开发的重视程度越来越高。如今，海岛保护与开发问题已成为各个沿海省份重要的发展议题。由于海岛本身的特性，特别是有居民海岛，海岛旅游的发展使当地居民参与其中获得利益，因此，海岛社区参与旅游对海岛社区居民意义重大。鉴于此，海岛旅游如何在开发中走可持续道路十分重要。目前，社区居民参与海岛旅游存在着一系列问题，海岛社区居民与政府和开发商的矛盾重重，对海岛旅游可持续发展极其不利。旅游增权理论将社区参与旅游转向实质性的对主体权力关系问题探讨，认为社区居民处于权力关系的边缘，社区参与旅游良性发展的关键在于社区增权。文章以海岛社区为研究对象，在旅游增权理论指导下，总结我国海岛社区参与旅游现状及权力状况，并构建海岛社区旅游增权评价体系，提出海岛社区旅游增权优化建议。其目的是实现海岛社区居民、政府和开发商的权力平衡，以期促进海岛社区参与旅游的良性发展，达到海岛旅游和社区的共同可持续发展。本文的主体部分如下：首先，分析我国海岛社区参与旅游现状，发现各海岛社区参与旅游状况不一，，呈现以经济参与为主的特点。引入增权理论分析海岛社区在参与海岛旅游中的权力状况，发现海岛社区居民在经济、政治、心理和社会权能都存在缺失状况，也没有相关的制度保障海岛社区居民的权力。海岛社区居民与政府、外来（或驻岛）旅游开发商的权力关系不平衡。其次，结合旅游增权理论、社区旅游增权研究成果及海岛社区在参与旅游中的权力状况，运用专家咨询法和层次分析法建立4个维度的海岛社区旅游增权评价体系，采用模糊综合评价方式评价海岛社区旅游增权状况，分为好、较好、一般、较差、差5种情况。接着，以青岛市海岛社区为例，在实地收集数据资料的基础上，进行灵山岛社区和田横岛社区的旅游增权状况的实证分析。评价显示，目前灵山岛社区旅游增权状况一般，田横岛社区增权状况为一般。并将灵山岛社区和田横岛社区的经济增权、政治增权、社会增权和政治增权予以横向和竖向比较分析，发现两个海岛社区的心理增权普遍较好，政治增权普遍较差；而灵山岛社区增权状况优于田横岛社区。最后，根据海岛旅游特点及我国海岛实际情况，就海岛社区旅游增权优化提出具体建议：经济利益分配方式多样化；加强教育培训，进行教育增权；全员参与，推进社会增权；实行海岛社区信息增权；完善法律制度，全面保障增权。
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the National Island Protection Law in 2010, the state has paid more and more attention to the protection and development of islands. Nowadays, the issue of island protection and development has become an important development issue in various coastal provinces. Because of the characteristics of the island, especially the island with residents, the development of island tourism makes the local residents get benefits. Therefore, the island community participation in tourism is of great significance to the residents of the island community. In view of this, island tourism in the development of how to take a sustainable road is very important. At present, there are a series of problems for community residents to participate in island tourism. The conflicts between community residents and the government and developers are extremely unfavorable to the sustainable development of island tourism. The theory of tourism empowerment turns community participation in tourism to substantive discussion on the subject power relationship. It is considered that community residents are on the edge of power relations and the key to the healthy development of community participation in tourism lies in community empowerment. This paper takes the island community as the research object, under the guidance of the tourism empowerment theory, summarizes the present situation and the power situation of the island community participation in tourism in China, and constructs the evaluation system of the island community tourism empowerment, and puts forward some suggestions for the optimization of the island community tourism empowerment. The purpose is to realize the balance of power among the residents, the government and the developers of the island community, in order to promote the healthy development of the island community to participate in tourism, and to achieve the common sustainable development of the island tourism and the community. The main part of this paper is as follows: firstly, the paper analyzes the present situation of island community participation in tourism in China, and finds that the participation of island communities in tourism is different and economic participation is the main feature. By introducing the empowerment theory to analyze the power status of island community in participating in island tourism, it is found that there is a lack of economic, political, psychological and social power of island community residents, and there is no relevant system to protect the rights of island community residents. The power relationship between the residents of island communities and the government, foreign (or resident) tourism developers is uneven. Secondly, combining with the theory of tourism empowerment, the research results of community tourism empowerment and the status of island communities' power in participating in tourism, the paper establishes the evaluation system of island community tourism empowerment in four dimensions by using expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the status of island community tourism empowerment, which can be divided into good, better, general, worse and worse situations. Then, taking Qingdao island community as an example, on the basis of collecting data on the spot, the paper makes an empirical analysis of the tourism empowerment situation of Lingshan Island community and Tianheng Island community. The evaluation shows that the status of community tourism empowerment in Lingshan Island is general, and that in Tianheng Island is general. And the economic empowerment, political empowerment, social empowerment and political empowerment of Lingshan Island community and Tianheng Island community are analyzed horizontally and vertically. It is found that the psychological empowerment of the two island communities is generally better, and the political empowerment is generally poor. The Lingshan Island community empowerment situation is better than the Tianheng Island community. Finally, according to the characteristics of island tourism and the actual situation of island tourism in China, the paper puts forward specific suggestions on the optimization of island community tourism empowerment: diversification of economic benefit distribution, strengthening education and training, carrying out education empowerment, full participation and promotion of social empowerment; Implement island community information empowerment; improve the legal system, comprehensive protection of empowerment.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F592.7

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