快速成型技术在旅游产品研发中的应用

发布时间：2018-12-12 13:01

【摘要】：计算机技术的迅猛发展,使产品设计的方法得到进一步的完善,产品更新的周期大大缩短,产品研发的速度成为产品的市场竞争的关键。传统的加工方式在加工物理模型时存在，速度慢、成本高，而且在成型精度和尺寸精度等方面存在不足，复杂造型设计的产品甚至无法加工制造，这样不仅降低了产品设计开发的速度同时成本也相应的高昂。快速成型工艺能够迅速精确地制造出造型复杂的模型及零件，弥补传统方法的不足，具有成型材料广泛、成本低、体积小、无污染等优点，在未来快速成型领域有着很好的发展前景,为产品设计样机的模拟提供一个可靠的工具，加快了产品开发投放市场的步伐,但也存在成型质量相对不高的一些问题。旅游产品设计因其设计内容丰富，对产品投放市场速度要求比较高，它的设计和创造是一个技术与艺术相结合的过程，因此需要使其在符合科学技术规律的基础上，，发挥产品的物质功能和形式的审美表现力，快速成型技术应用可以满足其对投放市场速度的要求。论文主要采用文献资料法、实验法、检测分析的研究方法。首先以旅游产品的设计制造过程为契机针对于熔融型沉积（FDM）成型技术成型质量不高的这一主要缺陷，提出提高熔融型沉积成型件表面质量的方案，得到提高成型件精度和降低成型件表面粗糙度的方法；随后基于快速成型技术对旅游产品常用形体中的方形结构，圆柱形结构，圆形结构，三角形结构，壳体结构，框架结构，复杂多边形结构形体的研究，得出多种形体结构在成型过程中的规律和主要误差解决方案；接着对成型件的后处理方法，达到的效果和快速成型提高旅游产品的作用进行了深入探讨和研究；最终以两款旅游产品的研发设计以及成型实验，验证快速成型技术在旅游产品设计中如何提高设计效率的方法。研究后发现，FDM快速成型原理性台阶误差的产生主要是由对模型的分层厚度、成型件表面法向量与加工平面的夹角和成型件的大小决定的，模型表面的法向量方向与堆积平面的夹角在0~60之间台阶误差增大较快，60~90之间台阶误差增大趋势趋于平缓，在α接近于90时误差几乎不再增大。通过优化分层厚度和加工方向的选择，可以有效地减小台阶效应对零件成型表面质量的影响。快速成型技术在旅游产品设计过程中，可以根据设计图纸制作出的物理模型能够直观充分的表达设计创意，进行功能测试、人机分析、结构装配检查和样机制作试销等，与传统模型加工方法相比可以提高40%~65%的速度，节省约75%的材料成本。在测试中通过后喷涂后处理的成型件表面质量可以提高20%~40%。快速成型技术的应用也能够促进设计灵感的快速实现，改变旅游产品传统设计程序与方法，提高产品开发速率及效率。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer technology, the method of product design has been further improved, the period of product renewal has been shortened greatly, and the speed of product development has become the key to the market competition of products. Traditional machining methods exist in the process of physical model, slow speed, high cost, but also in the forming accuracy and dimensional accuracy and other deficiencies, complex modeling design products can not even be processed and manufactured. This not only reduces the speed of product design and development at the same time the cost of the corresponding high. The rapid prototyping process can quickly and accurately produce complex modeling models and parts, and make up for the shortcomings of traditional methods. It has the advantages of wide range of molding materials, low cost, small volume, no pollution and so on. It has a good prospect in the future rapid prototyping field. It provides a reliable tool for the simulation of product design prototype and speeds up the step of product development and put into the market, but there are still some problems of relatively low molding quality. Tourism product design is a process of combining technology and art because of its rich design content and high requirement of product market speed. Therefore, it is necessary to make it conform to the laws of science and technology. The application of rapid prototyping technology can meet the requirements of the market speed of the products by giving full play to their material functions and the aesthetic expression of their forms. This paper mainly adopts the literature method, the experiment method, the detection and analysis research method. Firstly, aiming at the main defect of the low quality of melt deposition (FDM) forming technology, the paper puts forward a scheme to improve the surface quality of molten deposition forming parts, taking the design and manufacture process of tourism products as the turning point. A method for improving the precision of forming parts and reducing the surface roughness of forming parts is obtained. Then, based on rapid prototyping technology, the research of square structure, cylindrical structure, circular structure, triangle structure, shell structure, frame structure and complex polygon structure in tourism products is carried out. The rules and main error solutions of various shapes and structures in the process of forming are obtained. Then, the post-processing method, the effect of rapid prototyping and the role of rapid prototyping in improving tourism products are discussed and studied. Finally, the research and design of two tourism products and the molding experiment are used to verify the method of how to improve the design efficiency of rapid prototyping technology in tourism product design. It is found that the generation of the FDM step error is mainly determined by the delamination thickness of the model, the angle between the normal vector on the surface of the molded part and the machining plane, and the size of the molded part. The error between normal vector direction and stacking plane on the surface of the model increases rapidly in the range of 0 ~ 60, the increasing trend of the step error between 60 and 90 tends to be gentle, and when 伪 is close to 90, the error almost does not increase. The influence of step effect on the surface quality of parts can be effectively reduced by optimizing the selection of delamination thickness and machining direction. Rapid prototyping technology in the process of tourism product design, according to the design drawings can be made by the physical model can intuitively and fully express the design ideas, functional testing, man-machine analysis, structural assembly inspection and prototype production test sales, etc. Compared with the traditional model processing method, the speed of 40% can be increased by 65%, and the cost of materials can be saved by about 75%. The surface quality of the molded parts can be improved by 20% and 40% respectively. The application of rapid prototyping technology can also promote the rapid realization of design inspiration, change the traditional design procedures and methods of tourism products, and improve the speed and efficiency of product development.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TB472;F592

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