基于游客视角的旅游伦理问题研究
发布时间：2018-12-21 11:25
【摘要】：随着生活水平的提高,人们开始追求自我精神满足、压力释放、身心享受等,加上旅游企业的宣传,使得旅游兴起。旅游具有经济、审美和伦理价值。随着旅游业的发展,一系列问题也渐渐凸显,旅游伦理研究应运而生。旅游伦理问题的实质是旅游活动背后的利益和道德的关系。旅游活动中游客有着特殊地位,是旅游活动的主体、旅游的发展动力和旅游伦理的核心。旅游活动涉及的主要关系有：游客和旅行社之间的商业交换关系；游客和导游之间的服务与被服务的关系；游客和景区之间的欣赏与被欣赏的关系。 旅行社和游客之间的商业交换关系表现在等价交换和意愿选择、高质服务与公正价格。旅行社在承担了基本的法律义务的同时,对高层次的道德责任则缺失较多。对旅游产品的宣传虚假、对游客咨询刻意隐瞒；为争夺客源,削价竞争；对游客未能尽到提醒义务,对旅游安全隐患的存在的默许等。这是由于旅行社受利益的驱动,而失信经营对企业的影响偏小和旅游产品的无形性、异质性和不可逆性。游客眼中的旅行社应该是诚信经营,信息透明公开,在满足自己经济利益的同时也要照顾游客的利益,做好安全事故的预防和处理工作。 导游和游客之间的服务与被服务的关系表现在服务与被服务、协调与配合、冲突与一致。游客旅游过程一定意义上就是享受购买服务的过程,而对导游的协调工作也要给予足够的配合,尽管有时也会有导游导购、诱骗和游客戒备心理产生冲突的时候。同样,导游的工作非常繁重、现行的薪酬制度不能满足导游的基本生活保障、管理制度欠规范、一部分导游职业情操缺失,在其给游客提供基本的引导、讲解和相关服务之后,也会在带团过程中私自更改、增加行程,导购倾向严重,服务意识和态度差等。游客对导游的道德诉求是希望导游热爱自己工作、提高自己道德修养和知识素养的同时,做到尊重游客的权益,诚实守信,全心全意为顾客服务。同时,导游对游客也有其诉求：改善自己对导游的不尊重和抵触戒备情绪,体谅、理解、配合导游的工作,形成友善、良好的伙伴关系。 景区和游客之间的欣赏与被欣赏的关系表现在：欣赏与被欣赏、影响与被影响、资源共享。景区是游客的旅游目的地,是游客参观、欣赏的对象,为游客提供必要的基础设施和相关服务。景区又作为经营企业,对利益的追逐和抓住利益产品一次性交易的特点,放松了道德上的要求。忽视安全的设施投资建设,使得旅游安全事故频频发生；旅游纪念品追求高价格,忽视旅游产品质量和特色的管理,丧失纪念性的意义；一味迎合少数人的低级趣味,提供庸俗的娱乐活动,腐蚀游客心理文明。可见,旅游景区加大安全设施投资和防范工作、提高纪念品的文化内涵、严格把关纪念品质量和价格和必要性。另外,旅游景区作为人人都可享有的资源,任何游客不能独占。景区作为被动方,具有可体验性、空间上的不可转移性和生产与销售的不可分割性,游客的涌来对景区环境和文化必会产生很大的影响。游客的大量涌入本身就对景区社区的环境和承载力造成了一定的冲击,再加上旅游团队的异地性、暂时性和无名性,更容易引起游客道德感弱化和无责任感,以为景区的环境与已无关,甚至破坏植物、动物和历史文物,影响、干涉当地居民的生活,产生示范效应。为此,游客应该增强环境保护的意识,自觉爱护环境、尊重历史,与当地居民和同行伙伴要相互尊重、相互关心。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the living standard, people begin to pursue the self-spirit satisfaction, the pressure release, the physical and mental enjoyment, and the propaganda of the tourism enterprises, so that the tourism is rising. Tourism has economic, aesthetic and ethical values. With the development of tourism, a series of problems are becoming more and more prominent. The essence of the problem of tourism ethics is the relationship between the interests and the morality behind the tourism activities. Tourists have special status in the tourism activities. It is the main body of the tourism activities, the development power of tourism and the core of the tourism ethics. The main relationship involved in the tourism activities is the commercial exchange relationship between the tourist and the travel agent, the relationship between the service and the service between the tourists and the tour guide, and the relationship between the appreciation and the appreciation between the tourists and the scenic spots. The business-exchange relationship between travel agencies and tourists is shown in the choice of exchange and will, high-quality service and fair price G. The travel agency has assumed the basic legal obligation, while the lack of high-level moral responsibility is less In addition, the propaganda of the tourism products is false, and the tourists' consultation is deliberately concealed; in order to fight for the source and price competition, the tourists have failed to do their best to the reminding duty, and the existence of the potential safety hazard of the tourism is acquiesced. This is because the travel agent is driven by the interests, and the influence of the loss-of-trust management on the enterprise is small and the non-conformality, the heterogeneity and the inreversible of the tourism product The travel agent in the eyes of the tourist should be the integrity management, the information is transparent and open, while meeting the economic interests of the own, should also take care of the interests of the tourists, do well in the prevention and treatment of safety accidents the relationship between the service and the service of the tour guide and the tourist is in service and service, coordination and cooperation, conflict in a certain sense, that tourist travel process is the process of enjoying the purchase service. At the same time, the work of the guide is very heavy, the current salary system can not meet the basic living guarantee of the tour guide, the management system is under the standard, a part of the tour guide professional sentiment is missing, and after the tour guide, the explanation and the related service are provided to the tourists, the tour guide will also be used for private use in the course of the tour Self-change, increase of travel, offer some suggestions to be serious, service awareness and state The tourist's moral appeal to the guide is to wish the guide to love the work, to improve their moral and knowledge, to respect the rights and interests of the tourists, to be honest and trustworthy, and to take care of it with all the heart and soul At the same time, the tourist also has its appeal to the tourist: to improve the non-respect of the tour guide and the feeling of anti-security, to be considerate, to understand, to cooperate with the guide's work, to form a friendly and good group The relationship between the appreciation and appreciation of the scenic spot and the tourist is: the appreciation and appreciation, the influence and the influence Resource sharing. The scenic spot is the tourist destination of the tourist. It is the object of the visitors to visit and appreciate, and provide the necessary infrastructure for the tourists. and the related service. The scenic spot is also used as a business enterprise, the pursuit of the benefits and the characteristics of the disposable transaction of the benefit product are grasped, the road is relaxed, To ignore the safety facilities investment construction, make the tourism safety accidents happen frequently; the tourism souvenirs pursue high prices, ignore the management of the quality and the characteristics of the tourism products, and lose the significance of the memorial; to cater to the low-level interests of a few people and to provide the vulgar Recreational activities, corrosion games The guest psychological civilization. It can be seen that the scenic spot will increase the investment and prevention work of the security facilities, improve the cultural connotation of the souvenirs, and strictly check the quality and price of the souvenirs. In addition, the tourist attractions are the resources available to all, and any tour The guest can't monopolize. The scenic spot, as a passive party, has the inseparability of experience and space, the inseparability of production and sales, and the surge of tourists to the environment and culture of the scenic spot. A great deal of influence. The influx of tourists has a certain impact on the environment and bearing capacity of the community of the scenic area. In addition, the distance, the temporary and the nameless nature of the tourism team are more likely to cause the weakening of the tourists' moral sense and the sense of responsibility, so that the environment of the scenic spot is not related to it. to the destruction of plants, animals and historical objects, and to interfere with the living and production of the local population To this end, visitors should enhance the awareness of environmental protection, take care of the environment, respect the history, and respect the local residents and their peers
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B80-05;F590
本文编号：2388847
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the living standard, people begin to pursue the self-spirit satisfaction, the pressure release, the physical and mental enjoyment, and the propaganda of the tourism enterprises, so that the tourism is rising. Tourism has economic, aesthetic and ethical values. With the development of tourism, a series of problems are becoming more and more prominent. The essence of the problem of tourism ethics is the relationship between the interests and the morality behind the tourism activities. Tourists have special status in the tourism activities. It is the main body of the tourism activities, the development power of tourism and the core of the tourism ethics. The main relationship involved in the tourism activities is the commercial exchange relationship between the tourist and the travel agent, the relationship between the service and the service between the tourists and the tour guide, and the relationship between the appreciation and the appreciation between the tourists and the scenic spots. The business-exchange relationship between travel agencies and tourists is shown in the choice of exchange and will, high-quality service and fair price G. The travel agency has assumed the basic legal obligation, while the lack of high-level moral responsibility is less In addition, the propaganda of the tourism products is false, and the tourists' consultation is deliberately concealed; in order to fight for the source and price competition, the tourists have failed to do their best to the reminding duty, and the existence of the potential safety hazard of the tourism is acquiesced. This is because the travel agent is driven by the interests, and the influence of the loss-of-trust management on the enterprise is small and the non-conformality, the heterogeneity and the inreversible of the tourism product The travel agent in the eyes of the tourist should be the integrity management, the information is transparent and open, while meeting the economic interests of the own, should also take care of the interests of the tourists, do well in the prevention and treatment of safety accidents the relationship between the service and the service of the tour guide and the tourist is in service and service, coordination and cooperation, conflict in a certain sense, that tourist travel process is the process of enjoying the purchase service. At the same time, the work of the guide is very heavy, the current salary system can not meet the basic living guarantee of the tour guide, the management system is under the standard, a part of the tour guide professional sentiment is missing, and after the tour guide, the explanation and the related service are provided to the tourists, the tour guide will also be used for private use in the course of the tour Self-change, increase of travel, offer some suggestions to be serious, service awareness and state The tourist's moral appeal to the guide is to wish the guide to love the work, to improve their moral and knowledge, to respect the rights and interests of the tourists, to be honest and trustworthy, and to take care of it with all the heart and soul At the same time, the tourist also has its appeal to the tourist: to improve the non-respect of the tour guide and the feeling of anti-security, to be considerate, to understand, to cooperate with the guide's work, to form a friendly and good group The relationship between the appreciation and appreciation of the scenic spot and the tourist is: the appreciation and appreciation, the influence and the influence Resource sharing. The scenic spot is the tourist destination of the tourist. It is the object of the visitors to visit and appreciate, and provide the necessary infrastructure for the tourists. and the related service. The scenic spot is also used as a business enterprise, the pursuit of the benefits and the characteristics of the disposable transaction of the benefit product are grasped, the road is relaxed, To ignore the safety facilities investment construction, make the tourism safety accidents happen frequently; the tourism souvenirs pursue high prices, ignore the management of the quality and the characteristics of the tourism products, and lose the significance of the memorial; to cater to the low-level interests of a few people and to provide the vulgar Recreational activities, corrosion games The guest psychological civilization. It can be seen that the scenic spot will increase the investment and prevention work of the security facilities, improve the cultural connotation of the souvenirs, and strictly check the quality and price of the souvenirs. In addition, the tourist attractions are the resources available to all, and any tour The guest can't monopolize. The scenic spot, as a passive party, has the inseparability of experience and space, the inseparability of production and sales, and the surge of tourists to the environment and culture of the scenic spot. A great deal of influence. The influx of tourists has a certain impact on the environment and bearing capacity of the community of the scenic area. In addition, the distance, the temporary and the nameless nature of the tourism team are more likely to cause the weakening of the tourists' moral sense and the sense of responsibility, so that the environment of the scenic spot is not related to it. to the destruction of plants, animals and historical objects, and to interfere with the living and production of the local population To this end, visitors should enhance the awareness of environmental protection, take care of the environment, respect the history, and respect the local residents and their peers
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B80-05;F590
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