抗战时期延安剪纸的民族特点

发布时间：2019-02-17 19:41

【摘要】：延安，是驰名中外的革命圣地、革命摇篮和革命熔炉。抗日战争期间，延安是党中央所在地，是全国抗日战争的指导中心，全国抗日根据地的总后方。在那“母亲送儿上战场，妻子送郎打东洋”的革命年代里，大批文艺工作者从国家四面八方云集在这里，积极投身于抗日战争。在这里，文艺作为抗战武器，宣传抗日救国主张、动员人民群众参加抗战斗争，为国家的解放事业做出了杰出的贡献。陕甘宁边区文艺运动，和其他解放区的文艺运动一样，，都是在毛泽东为首的党中央领导下开展和进行的。延安剪纸，剪纸深深的植根与群众之中，有着悠久的历史和深厚的民间基础。在延安抗战这一特殊时期，特定生活环境下，延安文艺工作者与黄土高原生活有了更深的接触，延安革命文艺工作者们被延安剪纸的古朴、浑厚的艺术魅力所吸引。毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表，提出了文艺工作者为工农兵服务的任务，号召艺术家、作家到群众中去，到火热的斗争中去。于是延安鲁艺师生开始深入农村，同时出现了以江丰、艾青、古元、等为代表的一大批革命文艺工作者，深入延安当地生活向当地农妇学习延安剪纸艺术，反复学习研究，积极请教与当地农村剪纸者并且与他们联手合作，并且在题材和内容上大胆创新，创作出了大量贴近农村生活，展现农业生产劳动和革命战士英勇抗日战争题材的新窗花，发挥了宣传和鼓舞人民的作用，推动了新剪纸内容的革新和延安剪纸民族化的发展。文章从三个大方面介绍抗战时期延安剪纸和延安剪纸当时具备的民族特征。第一部分：从延安的人文历史、地理环境着手，探讨延安剪纸在抗战特殊时期的形式、内容的演变。阐释在当时社会坏境下剪纸的大众性、普遍性；第二部分：分析文艺大众化对延安剪纸的影响，从革命领导人和革命艺术家的影响等方面介绍抗战时期剪纸的发展，结合当时代表人物和代表作品，来分析当时剪纸在抗战中所起到的积极作用；第三部分：分析剪纸对当时抗战的时期版画、年画等民间美术的创作的影响及意义。
[Abstract]:Yan'an is a famous revolutionary shrine, cradle of revolution and furnace of revolution. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Yan'an was the seat of the Party Central Committee, the guiding center of the National War of Resistance against Japan, and the general rear area of the anti-Japanese base area. In the revolutionary era when mothers sent children to the battlefield and wives sent their wives to fight against the Japanese, a large number of writers and artists gathered here from all sides of the country and actively devoted themselves to the War of Resistance against Japan. Here, as a weapon of resistance, literature and art propagandizes the idea of resisting Japan and saving the nation, mobilizes the masses to participate in the struggle against Japan, and makes outstanding contributions to the cause of national liberation. The literary and artistic movements in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningsia Border region, like those in other liberated areas, were carried out under the leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong. Yan'an paper-cut, paper-cut deeply rooted in the masses, has a long history and deep folk foundation. In the special period of Yanan War of Resistance against Japan, under the special living environment, the writers and artists in Yan'an had deeper contact with the life of the Loess Plateau, and the revolutionary writers and artists in Yan'an were attracted by the simple and profound artistic charm of paper cutting in Yan'an. Mao Zedong's speech at the Yan'an Symposium on Literature and Art put forward the task of the literary and art workers to serve the workers, peasants and soldiers, and called on artists and writers to go to the masses and to the fierce struggle. As a result, the teachers and students of Luyi in Yan'an began to go deep into the countryside. At the same time, a large number of revolutionary writers and artists, represented by Jiang Feng, Ai Qing, and so on, began to study the art of paper cutting in Yan'an from the local peasant women, studying and studying it over and over again. Actively consulting and cooperating with local rural paper-cutting people, and making bold innovations in the subject matter and content, they created a large number of new window flowers close to rural life and showing agricultural production and revolutionary soldiers the heroic theme of the War of Resistance against Japan. Play the role of propaganda and encouragement of the people, promote the innovation of new paper-cut content and the development of Yan'an paper-cut nationalization. This paper introduces the national characteristics of Yanan paper-cut and Yanan paper-cut during the Anti-Japanese War from three aspects. The first part discusses the forms and contents of paper cutting in Yan'an during the special period of the War of Resistance against Japan from the point of view of the history and geographical environment of Yan'an. Explaining the popularity and universality of paper-cut in the bad social environment at that time; The second part analyzes the influence of popular literature and art on paper cutting in Yan'an, introduces the development of paper-cut during the War of Resistance against Japan from the aspects of revolutionary leaders and revolutionary artists, and combines the representative figures and representative works at that time. To analyze the paper cutting at that time in the Anti-Japanese War played a positive role; The third part analyzes the influence and significance of paper-cut on the creation of folk art, such as prints and New year paintings during the War of Resistance against Japan.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：J528.1

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