敬畏生命视阈下的黑色旅游研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 21:18

【摘要】：由于体验经济时代的到来，人们生活需求开始多样化，旅游逐渐成为人们日常生活的一部分。伴随着旅游者需求的个性化、体验化，各具特色的“另类旅游”（如影视旅游、艺术旅游、宗教旅游）应运而生并受到旅游者的欢迎。十九世纪六七十年代，西方一些学者开始研究的“黑色旅游”是“另类旅游”的典型代表。在学术方面，诸多学者结合实例从旅游动机、旅游影响、旅游困境等方面对黑色旅游进行研究。在实践方面，黑色旅游为旅游者提供另类旅游体验充分发挥历史反面因素对社会的教育功能，但是随着商业因素的介入，与早期的黑色旅游相比，现代黑色旅游作为一种人们生命体验的方式和潜在的经济增长点，在发展过程中呈现出敬畏感缺失和商业化过度等方面的不足，这使黑色旅游背离了初衷，旅游者对逝者的祭奠和缅怀变得不再单纯。这种背离引起了社会各界对黑色旅游正当性的质疑。本文以敬畏生命为视角，在分析黑色旅游发展现状的基础上，拟以探求复归敬畏生命的黑色旅游的可行性路径及对国内外黑色旅游正轨化提供参考价值。文章研究主要涉及到以下几个方面：首先，概述黑色旅游发展状况。考察了早期与现代黑色旅游的形式，并分析其性质，在此基础上做了对比，发现早期黑色旅游主要是一种特殊形式的精神反思，旅游者的动机来自于对信仰的虔诚和神圣之物的敬畏。而现代黑色旅游由于形式多样化，特别是商业因素的介入，原有的价值和神圣感，渐渐消失，并出现了阻碍黑色旅游正常发展的各种问题。其次，分析黑色旅游异化问题及原因。黑色旅游异化主要表现为敬畏感严重缺失和过度商业化。由于复杂的旅游动机，导致原本的神圣之旅不再单纯，不但伤害当地居民的情感，也影响着黑色旅游的健康发展；过度的商业化掩盖了黑色旅游公益性和劝导人们热爱生命，反思生命意义和价值的社会作用。这些问题的出现加剧了社会各界对黑色旅游展示的道德质疑。从这些现象中，分析问题的成因：人性的复杂、人类内在的不自由或人类的无思想、价值理性的迷失、生命教育的工具化等，都是黑色旅游出现异化现象的原因，也是造成社会中灾难不断发生、人情冷漠、麻木不仁、无敬无畏的重要原因。再次，提出敬畏生命的研究视角。敬畏生命思想本身具有伦理意蕴，体现在它将自然与伦理天然的结合在一起，以对待生命的态度为评判善恶的标准，肯定世界与生命的乐观态度，重视伦理责任等方面，，并在实践中反对无思想、自我保持的利己主义。从理论与实践两方面证明了重返敬畏生命的伦理之源，将有可能成为减灾、重建生态文明、构建和谐家园的根本之路。同时，黑色旅游步入正轨，走向敬畏生命，势必拥有敬畏生命的道德智慧，来反思人与其他生命的生存危机，在这个过程中，结合以人为本的社会中最能体现生命关怀的一种事业——生命教育，体现出高度的人文关怀。这是敬畏生命的黑色旅游最终旨归。最后，以奥斯维辛集中营为例，分析国外黑色旅游成功开发的经验及其存在的问题，以期探讨对国内外黑色旅游正轨化的参考价值。论文通过以上几个方面的研究，发现敬畏生命作为一条绝对的准则，对黑色旅游活动中的伦理失范问题，提出理论和实践的上的指导。这既有助于避免黑色旅游中的过度商业化、娱乐化，进一步完善正确的生命价值评判体系，寻找生命的真谛和人生的信仰，又助益于人们珍惜自己的生命，关爱他人的生命，唤起对生命的敬畏感。
[Abstract]:As a result of the coming of the economic times, people's life needs to be diversified, and tourism is becoming a part of people's daily life. With the individuation and experience of the tourists' demand, the special "alternative tourism" (such as film and television tourism, art tourism and religious tourism) has come into being and is welcomed by the tourists. In the 1870s of the 19th century, the "black tourism" of the study by some western scholars was the representative of the "alternative tourism". In the academic field, many scholars have studied the black tourism from the aspects of the tourism motivation, the tourism influence, the tourism difficulty and so on. in practice, that black tourism provide alternative tourism experience for tourists to give full play to the educational function of the negative factor to the society, but with the intervention of the commercial factor, compared with the early black tourism, The modern black tourism, as a way of people's life experience and the potential economic growth point, presents the defects of the loss of fear and the over-commercialization in the course of development, which makes the black tourism deviate from the original intention, and the sacrifice and the memory of the tourists are no longer pure. This departure has raised the question of the legitimacy of black tourism from all walks of life. Based on the analysis of the present situation of black tourism development, this paper, based on the analysis of the present situation of black tourism development, is to explore the feasible path of the black tourism to return the fear of life and to provide the reference price to the black tourism on the right track at home and abroad. The article mainly deals with the following parties Face: First, outline the black tour This paper studies the form of early and modern black tourism, and analyzes its character. On the basis of this, this paper makes a comparison, and finds that the early black tourism is mainly a special form of spiritual reflection, and the motive of the tourists comes from the devout and the sacred objects of the faith. The awe of the modern black tourism is due to the diversification of the form, especially the intervention of the commercial factors, the original value and the sense of the divine, and the development of the normal development of the black tourism. Secondly, to analyze the dissimilation of black tourism The problem and reason. Black travel dissimilation is mainly manifested in the loss of fear and the loss of the sense of fear. Over-commercialization. Because of the complex tourism motivation, the original sacred journey is no longer pure, not only hurts the feelings of the local residents, but also affects the healthy development of the black tourism; the over-commercialization covers the black tourism public welfare and the persuasion To love life, to reflect on the meaning and value of life The emergence of these problems has exacerbated the social role of the community in black tourism In these phenomena, the cause of the problem is: the complexity of human nature, the inhumanity of human being, the unthought of the human, the loss of value reason, the tool of life education, etc., all of which are the causes of the dissimilation of the black tourism, and the occurrence of the disaster in the society It's cold and cold, and it's so cold. It's not to be fearless. An important reason. Again, we're in awe. The view of the study of life is that the fear of the life thought itself has the ethical meaning, which is reflected in the combination of nature and the nature of the ethics, the attitude of the treatment to the life is the standard of judging the good and evil, the optimistic attitude of the world and the life, the importance to the ethical responsibility, etc., and in reality To oppose the thought and the self in the world. From the two aspects of theory and practice, it is proved that the source of the return to the fear of life is the source of the ethic of return to the life, and it will be possible to be the disaster reduction, the reconstruction of the ecological civilization and the construction of the harmony At the same time, black tourism is on the right track and goes to the fear of life. It is bound to have the moral wisdom of the fear of life, to reflect on the life crisis of human and other life, and in this process, in combination with the people-oriented society, the most important one is the one of the life care. career _ life education, which is reflected in A high degree of human care. It's the black of the fear of life. The final aim of color tourism is to analyze the experience and problems of the successful development of black tourism in foreign countries, taking the Auschwitz concentration camp as an example, with a view to exploring the black brigades both at home and abroad. This paper, through the research of the above aspects, finds that the fear of life is an absolute criterion, and the problem of the ethics in the black tourism activity is raised. The guidance of theory and practice is helpful to avoid over-commercialization and recreation in black tourism, to further improve the correct system of life value judgment, to find the essence of life and the belief of life, and to help people to cherish their life and to care for others' life.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F590;B82-053

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