基于农户生计成本的农民土地流转价格体系研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 22:30

本文关键词：基于农户生计成本的农民土地流转价格体系研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展、农村经济结构的变化以及国家政策的调整,自上世纪70年代末以来实行的以家庭联产承包责任制为基础的土地制度越来越难以适应现代农业规模化、市场化的要求。家庭承包制所带来的土地分散化、小规模的问题严重的阻碍了新时代农村经济的发展和创新。在这种情况下,土地承包经营权流转就成了弥补原有的土地制度缺陷,满足现代化农业要求的一个必然选择,也是我国发展现代农业的必经阶段,是推动社会主义新农村建设的关键点。随着最近几年,国家持续在一号文件中关注土地流转问题,并在政策层面上不断地积极推动和鼓励,土地流转在我国许多地方开始流行起来。同时一些实际例子也表明通过土地流转,的确可以提高土地的资源利用率,更好的发展现代化农业,促进了我国农业经济的发展,为我国新农村建设做贡献。但是土地问题没有小问题。长久以来,土地资源一直都是农民赖以生存的最原始也是最基本的生产资料,是农民生老病死的最终保障。土地对于我国农户而言往往意味着不仅是一种生产资料,还起到了包括就业,养老,继承等多个功能。所以也就有了所谓的“民以食为天,食以地为先”的说法。对于广大农户而言土地的重要性不言而喻。然而在当前土地流转的趋势下,势必有很大一部分农户失去其赖以谋生的土地,在这种情况下,这些失地农户如何维持其生计就是土地流转过程中一个必须得到重视的问题。虽然国家大力推动土地流转的进行,并不断在政策上对土地流转进行完善,但是土地流转对于我国农村经济而言依然可以称为一个新鲜事物,也依然存在着许多不成熟的地方。很多地方的土地流转要么处于一种自发的、小规模的、分散的、无序的状态,要么就是地方政府行政干预过多,农户失去其土地流转的自由性。而且现如今我国土地流转的一个显著问题就是土地流转的价格不合理,很多地方土地流转的租金过低。因此有许多农户担心土地流转后的收入无法满足自身的生计需要,所以不愿意进行土地流转。究其原因在于我国现在的土地流转的定价制度忽略了保护失地农户生计成本的重要性。本文的研究目标是以农户生计成本为基础来制定具体土地流转的价格。农户的生计成本代表着农户维持自身生计所需要的基本需求,为方便起见,在本文中我们以农户在生计各个方面,包括食品、居住、衣着、交通、医疗等方面的消费需要来界定农户的生计成本。本文中我们注意到由于我国地区经济发展不平衡,我国不同地区的农户生计成本有很大的区别,正是因为这种差别性,使得在土地流转后农户很有可能无法保证正常生计水平。为了研究这种区别,本文采用因子分析法分析我国不同地区的农户生计成本的特点。而另一方面,本文不仅考虑农户现在生活所需的生计成本,也考虑到农户失去土地后,有很大一部分农户会选择转移到城镇生活,那么由于我国城乡发展的不平衡,这些农户在转移向城镇后生计成本要远高于其生活在农村时的生计成本。在本文中,同样研究了不同地区城镇居民与农村居民之间生计成本的不同,使用K均值聚类算法进行了研究。最后本文以收益还原法为基础,考虑土地本身的自然价值,社会价值以及土地流转中供求关系和物价波动的影响,再加上对于农户生计成本的考量,创新性的提出了基于生计成本的我国土地流转的价格体系。最后为了更好促进土地流转的进行,结合我国土地流转所存在的问题。本文给出了几点政策性建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, the change of rural economy structure and the adjustment of national policy and land system since the last century since the end of the 70s implementation of the family contract responsibility system as the foundation of the more difficult to adapt to the modern agriculture scale, market demand. The household contract system caused by land decentralization, small scale problems a serious impediment to the development and innovation in the new era of rural economy. In this case, the contracted land circulation to make up the defects of the original land system, an inevitable choice for modern agriculture to meet the requirements, and a necessary stage in China the development of modern agriculture, the key point is to promote the construction of new socialist countryside with. In recent years, the country continued attention to land transfer issues in one file, and at the policy level to actively promote and encourage the transfer of land in many places of our country Began to pop up. At the same time some practical examples also show that the transfer of land, can improve the utilization of land resources, the development of modern agriculture better, promote the development of China's agricultural economy, and contribute to the construction of new countryside in China. But the land problem is not small problems. For a long time, land resources have been farmers the survival of the most primitive and the most basic means of production, is the ultimate guarantee of peasant land. For Chinese farmers often means that not only is a kind of means of production, but also played a pension, including employment, inheritance and other functions. So it has been called the "hunger breeds discontentment, food for the first argument. For the majority of farmers in the land of the importance of self-evident. However, in the current land transfer trend, is bound to have a large part of the farmers lose their land to make a living in this. Case, pay attention to the problem how to get a must these landless farmers maintain their livelihood is in the process of land circulation. Although the country to vigorously promote land circulation, and constantly in the policy of land circulation to improve, but the transfer of land for our country's rural economy still can be called a new thing, too there are still many immature place. In many places the land circulation or in a spontaneous, decentralized, small scale, disordered state, or local government excessive administrative intervention, the freedom of the farmers lost their land. But also a significant problem now is the land of land circulation in China the transfer price is not reasonable, many local land rent is too low. So there are many farmers worried that after the land transfer income can not meet their needs of livelihood, so do not want to go For the land transfer. The reason is that China is now the land transfer pricing system ignores the importance of the protection of landless farmers' livelihood costs. The goal of this paper is to farmers' livelihood cost basis to develop a specific land price. The basic needs of the farmers living costs represent farmers needed to maintain their livelihood, for the convenience of be in our household living in various aspects, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical and other aspects of the consumer need to define the farmer's livelihood cost. In this paper we noticed due to the imbalance of China's regional economic development in different regions of China, farmers' livelihood costs are very different, it is because of this difference, so that after the land transfer farmers are likely to ensure normal living level. In order to study the difference, this paper uses factor analysis method to analysis in China The characteristics of the same area cost of farmers' livelihood. On the other hand, this paper not only farmers now live in livelihood cost consideration, also taking into account the farmers lost their land, a large part of farmers will choose to transfer to the urban life, so due to the imbalance in China's urban and rural development, these farmers to transfer in the town after the cost is much higher than the life in the countryside living cost. In this paper, the same between urban residents and rural residents living in different regions of the different cost, were studied using K clustering algorithm. Finally the income reduction method, considering the natural value of the land itself, and the influence of social value of land in the circulation of supply and demand and price fluctuations, coupled with the farmers' livelihood cost consideration, puts forward the innovation of China's land price system based on the cost of living for the last. In this paper, some policy suggestions are given in this paper to improve the land circulation and to combine the problems of the land circulation in China.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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