我国农村精准脱贫实施机制优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 07:08

本文选题：农村贫困 + 贫困治理　；参考：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：精准脱贫是贫困治理的关键部分,是精准扶贫的导向、结果与升华,对于巩固扶贫成果、实现可持续脱贫至关重要。中央出台《关于打赢脱贫攻坚决定》指出:2020年实现贫困人口全部脱贫、贫困县和村“摘帽”、解决区域性贫困问题,使脱贫退出成为“十三五”扶贫攻坚的重要战略。当前,各地展开了脱贫退出的现实探索,积累了精准脱贫实施的宝贵经验。但是,通过研究发现,各地精准脱贫机制运行仍不理想,影响脱贫退出精准度、真实度的因素仍然存在。例如在扶贫军令状的“压力型体制”下容易诱发虚假脱贫、“一窝蜂”脱贫的难题、存在精准脱贫实施操作不规范等问题。在脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会背景下,精准脱贫成为农村扶贫战略的最新表述与思路,也是确保脱贫真实性和有序性的现实选择。文章从多个维度探寻了精准脱贫实施机制的运作逻辑与现实操作,考察了精准脱贫各实现主体间功能的相互作用关系。从脱贫动力系统、精准脱贫保障机制、脱贫评估与监督、风险预防机制等维度展开研究。选取江西、宁夏及赣南宁都县作为个案调查对象。结合相关理论,解析精准脱贫的运行阻滞因素及精准退出的运行逻辑与实践经验。研究发现,各地精准脱贫实施运作具有共性又有异质性,差异性集中表现在脱贫退出标准的个性设置;共性主要表现在以国家脱贫销号实施程序与标准为蓝本。认为要提高脱贫精准度,防范虚假脱贫,需要系统设置脱贫标准、构建脱贫民主评议的发动--参与机制、动态监测脱贫及贫困程度,健全脱贫监督与约束,避免虚假脱贫和无序脱贫。
[Abstract]:Precision poverty reduction is the key part of poverty management and the direction of precision poverty alleviation. The result and sublimation are very important to consolidate the poverty alleviation achievement and realize the sustainable poverty alleviation. The Central Committee issued the "decision on winning and overcoming Poverty" and pointed out: in 2020, all the poor people will be lifted out of poverty, and poor counties and villages will "take off their caps", solve regional poverty problems, and make poverty eradication and withdrawal an important strategy for the 13th Five-Year Plan. At present, various localities have launched the realistic exploration of poverty eradication and exiting, and accumulated valuable experience in the implementation of accurate poverty eradication. However, through the research, it is found that the mechanism of accurate poverty eradication is still not ideal, and the factors affecting the precision of poverty eradication and withdrawal are still existing. For example, it is easy to induce false poverty eradication under the "pressure-type system" issued by the pro-poor army, the difficult problem of "a swarm of people" to get rid of poverty, and the non-standard operation of accurate poverty eradication. Under the background of breaking out of poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way, precision poverty eradication has become the newest expression and train of thought of poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas, and it is also a realistic choice to ensure the authenticity and order of poverty alleviation. This paper explores the operational logic and practical operation of the implementation mechanism of precision poverty eradication from multiple dimensions, and examines the interrelation between the functions of the various entities in the implementation of precision poverty eradication. From the aspects of anti-poverty motive system, accurate anti-poverty guarantee mechanism, anti-poverty evaluation and supervision, risk prevention mechanism and so on. Jiangxi, Ningxia and Ningdu county in south Jiangxi were selected as the case study objects. Combined with relevant theories, this paper analyzes the operational block factors of accurate poverty eradication and the logic and practical experience of precision exit. The study found that the implementation of accurate poverty reduction in various areas has the characteristics of commonality and heterogeneity, and the difference is concentrated in the individual setting of the standard of poverty eradication and exit; the commonality is mainly based on the implementation procedures and standards of the national poverty eradication and sales number. In order to improve the degree of anti-poverty accuracy and prevent false poverty eradication, it is necessary to set up the anti-poverty standard systematically, to construct the start-participation mechanism of anti-poverty democratic evaluation, to dynamically monitor the poverty eradication and the degree of poverty, and to improve the supervision and restriction of anti-poverty. Avoid false and disordered poverty relief.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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