科右中旗精准扶贫问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 20:16

本文选题：科右中旗 + 精准扶贫　；参考：《内蒙古财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：迄今为止,贫困问题是世界上任何一个国家都会面临的问题,也是任何一个国家都想彻底解决的一个难题。消除贫困,是全面建成小康社会的前提条件,是实现“中国梦”的本质要求。自建国以来,特别是改革开放以来,经过政府的不断努力,中国农村的贫困状况得到明显缓解,贫困率大幅下降。然而,由于历史条件、自然条件等原因,还有一部分地区并没有摆脱贫困。在新的时代背景下,贫困人口的分布也由上世纪八十年代的普遍式分布转变为集中于老少边穷地区,扶贫任务任重而道远。在传统的扶贫模式难以应对新时期贫困形式时,精准扶贫应运而生。精准扶贫是指通过科学的识别机制对具体贫困人口进行精确识别并针对个体分析致贫原因,给予有针对性的扶贫措施,做到扶真贫,真扶贫。兴安盟科尔沁右翼中旗(以下简称科右中旗)是内蒙古自治区各旗县中蒙古族比例最高的、少数民族聚居的一个旗,也是内蒙古自治区区域贫困最为突出的地区之一。由于历史原因、资源禀赋等情况,长期以来科右中旗一直处于贫困状态,是典型的“老少边穷地区”。本文选取科右中旗作为研究对象,以人力资本理论、参与式发展理论、合作型反贫理论、贫困恶性循环理论为基础,通过问卷调查法了解到当地精准扶贫工作中存在的问题,并在此基础之上,尝试提出解决该问题的建议,旨在帮助当地更好的开展精准扶贫工作。在主体框架上,本文主要分为五个部分第一部分为引言,介绍了本论文研究背景与研究意义,简单阐述了中国扶贫历程,并介绍了与贫困相关的一些概念,例如贫困类型,现行国家的贫困标准,同时也介绍了精准扶贫的内涵与相关的理论基础。第二部分梳理并总结了国内外对贫困的定义、测度、成因的文献,同时也查阅和很多国内有关精准扶贫的研究,包括与精准扶贫相关的问题、方法与实践研究。第三部分则通过查阅文献等相关资料的方法阐述了科右中旗在精准识别、产业帮扶、金融帮扶、教育扶贫、干部帮扶五个方面所采用的方法以及取得的成果。第四部分结合文献与问卷调查等方法阐述了科右中旗在精准扶贫工作中笔者所调查的五个方面所产生的问题,包括精准识别过程中的主体与客体信息不对称,产业帮扶中项目门槛过高、金融扶贫中漏出贫困户、干部帮扶中对口资源分配不公等等。第五部分则结合第四部分中所了解到的问题,根据具体问题提出了相应的改进措施。包括运用信息技术,完善信息不对称实现精准识别,通过发展特色产业、绿色产业、降低产业项目门槛来实施产业帮扶,通过发展职业教育完善教育扶贫,以及通过规范民间借贷,引入社会力量来完善金融扶贫等等。
[Abstract]:Up to now, poverty is a problem that any country in the world will face, and it is also a problem that any country wants to solve once and for all. Poverty eradication is the prerequisite for building a well-off society in an all-round way and the essential requirement for realizing Chinese Dream. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, through the continuous efforts of the government, the poverty situation in China's rural areas has been significantly alleviated, and the poverty rate has dropped significantly. However, due to historical conditions, natural conditions and other reasons, there are still parts of the region has not escaped poverty. Under the background of the new era, the distribution of the poor population has also changed from the universal distribution in the 1980s to concentrated in the poverty-stricken areas of the old and the young, and the task of poverty alleviation is heavy and long. In the traditional poverty alleviation model is difficult to cope with the new era of poverty, precision poverty relief emerged as the times require. Precision poverty alleviation is to identify the specific poor population accurately through the scientific identification mechanism and to analyze the causes of poverty according to the individual, and to give targeted poverty alleviation measures to help the real poor and really help the poor. Horqin right-wing central flag of XingUNITA (hereinafter referred to as "Keyou Zhong Banner") is a flag with the highest proportion of Mongolian nationality in each flag county of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, and is also one of the most poverty-stricken areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Due to historical reasons, resource endowment and other conditions, Keyongzhong Banner has been in a state of poverty for a long time, and is a typical "old and young border poor area". Based on the theories of human capital, participatory development, cooperative anti-poverty, and vicious circle of poverty, this paper chooses Keyong Zhongqi as the research object, and finds out the problems in the local precision poverty alleviation through questionnaire survey. On the basis of this, we try to put forward some suggestions to solve the problem, aiming to help the local people to better carry out the work of precision poverty reduction. In the main frame, this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which introduces the research background and significance of this paper, briefly expounds the course of poverty alleviation in China, and introduces some concepts related to poverty, such as the type of poverty. The current national poverty standards, but also introduced the connotation of precision poverty and related theoretical basis. The second part summarizes the definition, measurement and cause of poverty at home and abroad. At the same time, it also looks up and many domestic research on precision poverty alleviation, including the problems, methods and practice of precision poverty alleviation. The third part elaborates the methods and achievements in the five aspects of precision identification, industry help, financial help, education poverty alleviation and cadre help through the methods of consulting literature and other relevant materials. In the fourth part, combined with the methods of literature and questionnaire, the author expounds the five problems that the author investigated in the work of precision poverty alleviation, including the asymmetric information between the subject and the object in the process of precision identification. The threshold of industrial assistance project is too high, the poor households in financial poverty alleviation, the unfair distribution of resources among cadres, and so on. The fifth part combines the problems in the fourth part, and puts forward the corresponding improvement measures according to the specific problems. Including the use of information technology, the improvement of information asymmetry to achieve accurate identification, through the development of characteristic industries, green industries, reduce the threshold of industrial projects to implement industrial support, through the development of vocational education to improve education poverty alleviation, And through the regulation of private lending, the introduction of social forces to improve financial poverty alleviation and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

【参考文献】