黑龙江省农作物种植结构时空格局演变研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 04:40

本文选题：黑龙江 + 种植结构　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：21世纪人类面临的一个主要挑战就是粮食安全问题,粮食安全问题也一直是世界各国研究的一个重点课题,种植业是农业的一个重要组成部分,种植业与粮食安全问题密切相关,可以说,种植业的稳定发展关系到国民经济和社会的快速稳定发展。黑龙江省是我国13个粮食主产省份之一,黑龙江省的粮食生产担负着我国粮食安全保障的重要任务。因此,黑龙江省也一直都将粮食生产摆在农业、农村、农民工作的突出位置,紧密围绕“稳面积,调结构,强科技,增单产,提品质”的我省种植业发展方针,实现了黑龙江省粮食产量十一年的连续增长。我国的粮食价格和产量有几次较大的波动,这表明我国的种植业在结构调整等方面还有一些问题存在。因此,深入研究我国种植业的结构调整问题,对于保障我国的粮食生产、促进我国种植业的健康发展具有现实意义。本篇论文选取了黑龙江省作为研究的区域,以1980-2010年的农业统计数据为数据源,基于种植业结构调整的相关理论,运用数理统计和GIS空间分析方法,分析研究区的四种主要农作物,水稻、玉米、大豆、小麦的种植结构在时间维度和空间维度上发生的变化,运用了因子降维模型,分析了我国种植结构时空格局演变的影响因素,并选取了典型县来阐明自然因素,对我国农作物种植结构时空格局演变的作用机理。研究结果表明:(1)在过去的30年间,黑龙江省的农作物播种面积发生了显著变化,农作物总播种面积由1980年的872.4万hm2增加到2010年的1425万hm2,粮食播种面积由1980年的731.8万hm2增加到2010年的1354.9万hm2。在20世纪80年代,黑龙江省的粮食播种面积呈波动性增长的趋势,在1988年,黑龙江省的农作物总播种面积和粮食播种面积都有所减少,农作物总的播种面积达到了最低值823.8万hm2,粮食播种面积达到了最低值688.6万hm2。在20世纪90年代,黑龙江省的农作物总播种面积和粮食作物播种面积进入到了相对稳定性增长的时期。进入到了21世纪之后,黑龙江省的农作物总播种面积和粮食作物播种面积进入到了跨越性增长时期。可以将黑龙江省农作物播种面积的走势概括为开始呈现波动性增长,后期呈现持续快速增长。(2)黑龙江省主要农作物的播种比重呈现出了较强的规律性。大豆的种植范围向黑龙江省农作区的北部和西部地区移动,大豆的种植比重增加比较明显,1980年,大豆的播种比例最大的县为五常市。1990年,水稻播种比例最大的县为方正县,2000年,黑龙江省水稻的播种比例持续增加,其中增加较多的是黑龙江省的东北部区域,2010年,水稻的播种比例主要分布在富锦市与抚远县。黑龙江省玉米的种植区域的空间变化不大,主要分布在黑龙江省农作区的西南部地区。黑龙江省小麦的种植区域由原来的大小兴安岭的大部分地区、三江平原的北部及东北部地区和松嫩平原的北部地区,缩减为大兴安岭的东部地区。(3)通过对黑龙江省农作物种植结构的自然因素和社会经济影响因素进行主成分分析,可知,1990年和2010年的主成分分析中的第一主成分相同,都是≥0℃积温、≥10℃积温和高程平均值,贡献率都接近50%,能够体现出自然因素对黑龙江省种植结构调整和变化产生的影响。(4)黑龙江省≥0℃积温和≥10℃的年平均活动积温分布地区的差异较大,而且积温的垂直变化明显,多年年平均≥0℃积温的介于2066.3℃-3494.8℃之间,多年年平均≥10℃活动积温的介于1710.4℃-3176℃之间。在总体上而言,黑龙江省地区≥0℃、≥10℃的活动积温表现出明显的南北差异和东西差异。黑龙江省年平均积温呈现出从西南向西北递减的趋势,黑龙江省其他地区的年平均积温明显高于大兴安岭地区。大兴安岭地区有三个区域的年平均积温明显低于其它地区,分别是漠河县、塔河县和呼玛县。黑龙江省≥0℃积温和≥10℃积温的最高值处于泰来县,其年平均积温高达3494.8℃、3176℃。
[Abstract]:One of the major challenges facing mankind in the twenty-first Century is the problem of food security. The problem of grain security has always been a key issue in the world. Planting is an important part of agriculture. The planting industry is closely related to the problem of food security. It can be said that the stable development of the planting industry is related to the rapid development of the national economy and the society. Heilongjiang province is one of the 13 major grain producing provinces in China. The grain production in Heilongjiang province plays an important role in the security of grain security in China. Therefore, Heilongjiang province has always placed grain production in agriculture, rural areas and farmers' work, and closely circled the "stable area, the structure, the strong science and technology, the increase of the single production and the quality." The development policy of our province's planting industry has realized the continuous growth of grain output in Heilongjiang province for eleven years. The grain price and output of our country have several great fluctuations, which indicates that there are some problems in the structure adjustment of our country's planting industry. Therefore, it is necessary to study the structural adjustment of the planting industry in our country, and to guarantee our country. The grain production in China is of practical significance to promote the healthy development of the planting industry in China. This paper selects Heilongjiang Province as the research area, takes 1980-2010 years of agricultural statistics as the data source, based on the related theories of the adjustment of the planting structure, and analyzes the four main farming fields in the study area by means of mathematical statistics and GIS space analysis. The changes in the time dimension and spatial dimension of the planting structure of rice, rice, corn, soybean and wheat were changed in the time dimension and the spatial dimension. The factors affecting the spatio-temporal pattern evolution of the planting structure in China were analyzed by using the factor reduction model, and the typical counties were selected to clarify the mechanism of the spatio-temporal pattern evolution of the agricultural crop planting structure in China. The results showed that: (1) in the past 30 years, the crop sown area of Heilongjiang province has changed significantly, the total sown area of crops increased from 8 million 724 thousand Hm2 in 1980 to 14 million 250 thousand Hm2 in 2010. The grain sown area increased from 7 million 318 thousand Hm2 in 1980 to 13 million 549 thousand hm2. in 2010, in 1980s, grain sowing surface in Heilongjiang province. The product showed a trend of fluctuating growth. In 1988, the total sown area and grain sown area of Heilongjiang province were reduced, the total sown area of the crops reached the minimum value of 8 million 238 thousand Hm2, the grain sown area reached the minimum value of 6 million 886 thousand hm2. in 1990s, the total sown area and grain crop of the crops in Heilongjiang province. The sown area entered the period of relatively stable growth. After twenty-first Century, the total sown area of crops and the sown area of grain crops in Heilongjiang province entered a period of leapfrog growth. The trend of the crop sown area in Heilongjiang province can be summarized as the beginning of the fluctuating growth, and the later period is increasing rapidly. (2) the proportion of sowing of main crops in Heilongjiang province showed a strong regularity. The planting range of soybean moved to the northern and western regions of Heilongjiang agricultural region. The increase of soybean planting proportion was more obvious. In 1980, the largest proportion of soybean in the county was five city.1990 years, and the County with the largest proportion of rice sowing was square. In 2000, the proportion of rice sowing in Heilongjiang province continued to increase, which increased more in the northeast region of Heilongjiang province. In 2010, the proportion of rice sowing was mainly distributed in Fujin and Fuyuan county. The spatial change of the maize planting area in Heilongjiang province was not large, mainly distributed in the southwestern region of the agricultural region of Heilongjiang province. The planting area of the province wheat is reduced to the eastern region of the great Hinggan Mountains in most areas of the original size of Xing'an Mountains, the northern and northeastern regions of the three rivers plain and the northern part of the Songnen Plain. (3) through the principal component analysis of the natural factors and socioeconomic factors of the crop planting structure in Heilongjiang Province, 1990 The first principal component of the principal component analysis in 2010 and 2010 is equal to the accumulated temperature above 0 degrees C, the accumulated temperature of above 10 degrees centigrade and the average value, and the contribution rate is close to 50%. It can reflect the influence of natural factors on the adjustment and change of the planting structure in Heilongjiang Province. (4) the annual average accumulated temperature distribution area over 0 degrees Celsius and more than 10 degrees in Heilongjiang Province The difference is large and the vertical change of accumulated temperature is obvious. The average accumulated temperature of more than 0 degrees is between 2066.3 and -3494.8 C for many years, and the accumulated temperature of more than 10 degrees is between 1710.4 and -3176 C for years. In general, the area of the Heilongjiang Province is more than 0 and the activity temperature of more than 10 degrees shows obvious north and South differences and differences. The annual average accumulated temperature in Jiangan province is decreasing from the southwest to the northwest, and the annual average accumulated temperature in other areas in Heilongjiang Province is obviously higher than that in the Daxinganling area. The annual average accumulated temperature of three regions in the Daxinganling area is obviously lower than that of other areas, namely, Mohe County, Tahe county and HMA county. The accumulated temperature of more than 0 degrees centigrade in Heilongjiang Province and the accumulated temperature of more than 10 degrees centigrade The highest value is in Tailai county. Its annual accumulated temperature is as high as 3494.8 degrees centigrade and 3176 degrees Celsius.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.1

【参考文献】