皮山县实施节水农业工程影响因素与对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 13:26

本文选题：节水农业 + 工程建设　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,皮山县全面深化水权制度改革,着力推广高效节水技术,提高灌溉效益,初步形成了从输水到灌水、从工程到管理、从微观到宏观的立体化、多样化、系统化农业节水格局。但是,在发展高效节水农业的同时,皮山县还面临着农业用水管理不善、农户参与积极性不高等制约因素,严重制约了高效节水农业的发展。因此,对皮山县高效节水农业进行研究,对于解决皮山县水资源短缺、降低农业生产成本,发展现代农业具有重要意义。在此背景下,本研究以皮山县为研究对象,通过问卷调查、实地调研、案例分析等方法,对皮山县节水农业工程建设问题进行了研究。结果表明,在国家政策支持下,皮山县发展高效节水农业工程7.18hm2,起到了较好的示范作用。但是,在高效节水农业发展过程中,存在灌溉工程设计水平低、技术指导及培训欠缺、高效节水工程后期维护不到位等问题。从宏观角度讲,制约高效节水农业的宏观因素是节水农业工程建设动力不足、金融制约节水农业发展、农业节水资金投入不足;从微观角度讲,农户参与农业节水的意愿受到农户年龄、文化程度、农业收入比重、是否为合作组织成员、家庭种植面积、耕地破碎程度、政府补贴、是否有专业技术人员指导、节水能否提高经济效益、对水资源的关注程度、节水灌溉投资是否存在风险、是否进行过节水培训等因素的影响,而是否村干部对农户节水采纳意愿没有显著影响。分析了国外节水农业工程建设的经验,从法律法规、技术开发、投融资等方面获得了启示。针对皮山县高效节水农业建设存在问题和影响因素,借鉴国外经验,提出了皮山县高效节水农业工程建设对策:加大高效节水农业的宣传力度;加强技术指导和技术培训;提高节水灌溉工程的设计水平;加强节水工程的建设和管护;促进土地利用方式和农业经济发展方式转变;政府加大对节水农业的扶持力度;提高农业的组织化程度;构建金融支持节水灌溉工程建设的长效机制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Pishan County has comprehensively deepened the reform of the water rights system, focused on popularizing efficient water-saving techniques and improving irrigation benefits, and initially formed a three-dimensional and diversified approach from water transportation to irrigation, from engineering to management, from micro to macro. Systematic agricultural water saving pattern. However, in the development of efficient water-saving agriculture, Pishan County is also faced with poor management of agricultural water use and low participation enthusiasm of farmers, which seriously restricts the development of high-efficiency water-saving agriculture. Therefore, the study of efficient water-saving agriculture in Pishan County is of great significance in solving the shortage of water resources, reducing the cost of agricultural production and developing modern agriculture. Under this background, this research takes Pishan county as the research object, through questionnaire investigation, field investigation, case analysis and so on, has carried on the research to the Pishan county water-saving agricultural engineering construction question. The results show that, with the support of national policy, the development of high efficiency water-saving agricultural project 7.18hm2in Pishan County has played a good role in demonstration. However, in the development of efficient water-saving agriculture, there are some problems, such as low design level of irrigation engineering, lack of technical guidance and training, and inadequate maintenance of high-efficiency water-saving project in the later stage. From a macro point of view, the macro factors restricting efficient water-saving agriculture are insufficient power for construction of water-saving agricultural projects, financial constraints for the development of water-saving agriculture, and insufficient investment in agricultural water-saving funds. Farmers' willingness to participate in agricultural water saving is influenced by their age, education level, proportion of agricultural income, whether they are members of cooperative organizations, family planting area, degree of fragmentation of cultivated land, government subsidies, and whether there are professional and technical personnel to guide them. Whether water saving can improve economic benefits, pay attention to water resources, whether there are risks in water saving irrigation investment, whether water saving training has been carried out or not, and whether village cadres have no significant influence on farmers' willingness to adopt water saving. The experience of water saving agricultural construction abroad is analyzed, and the enlightenment is obtained from the aspects of laws and regulations, technology development, investment and financing, etc. According to the existing problems and influencing factors in the construction of efficient water-saving agriculture in Pishan County, the countermeasures of construction of high-efficiency water-saving agricultural engineering in Pishan County are put forward by referring to the experience of foreign countries: strengthening the propaganda of high-efficiency water-saving agriculture, strengthening technical guidance and technical training; To improve the design level of water-saving irrigation projects; to strengthen the construction and management of water-saving projects; to promote the transformation of land use and agricultural economic development; to increase government support for water-saving agriculture; to improve the degree of agricultural organization; Build the long-term mechanism that finance supports water-saving irrigation project construction.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.213;S27

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