新疆地方植棉户机采棉技术采用行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 06:09

本文选题：机采棉技术采用行为 + 影响因素　；参考：《石河子大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆是我国最重要的棉花生产基地,2012年新疆以其占中国棉花37.8%的播种面积生产出中国48.8%的棉花。但近年来,新疆较高的劳动力成本和较低的生产效率已经严重阻碍了其棉花竞争力的提升。据全国农产品生产成本资料汇编统计结果得知,2000年新疆棉花生产成本为624.9元/亩,2012年上涨到1939.7元/亩。其中人工成本由每亩299.5元上涨到1170.7元,其在棉花生产成本中的比重也由47.9%上升到60%。因此,降低棉花生产人工成本,在棉花生产各环节推行全程机械化作业首当其冲。而目前新疆棉花除收获环节以外的其他环节都已经实现机械化,棉花产业属于劳动力密集产业,尤其在收获环节,急剧膨胀的劳动力需求与较少的劳动力供给不仅加剧了植棉户找不到拾花工的风险,也大大提升了新疆棉花种植成本。因此,在棉花收获环节推行机采棉技术势在必行。由于新疆兵团拥有适宜机采棉技术推广的组织管理方式,机采棉技术短时间内在兵团获得了大面积推广,但这在与兵团有着相同的种植环境的新疆地方机采面积仍然较少,机采棉技术推广困难重重。基于以上背景,本文以新疆地方植棉户微观调查数据为依据进行分析,考虑到效益是影响植棉户新技术选择行为的首要因素.因此,本文首先就机采棉技术采用行为对棉花生产效益的影响进行分析,研究发现机采棉技术不仅能够提高棉花种植的经济效益,而且有效提高了棉花生产技术效率,且二者都有较大的提升空间。之后在文章第五部分利用logistic回归方法对植棉户机采棉技术采用行为的影响因素进行分析。得出结论如下:机采棉技术采用行为受内部因素和外部因素综合影响。内部因素中,汉族、地块数量较少、棉花种植规模较大、参加培训较多的植棉户采用机采棉技术的可能性较大。外部因素中,用工风险是植棉户机采棉技术采用行为的最主要影响因素。而机采棉技术本身存在着先天性不足,如:脱叶剂喷施后容易受天气的影响,机采会造成棉花的浪费、没有适合机采的品种等。这些技术问题的存在影响了植棉户种植机采棉的积极性。但在加工厂对机采棉的定级标准、扣杂标准方面仍存在着不尽合理的地方,如扣杂标准模糊、扣杂标准较高、分级标准模糊、机采棉等级低等问题对植棉户机采棉技术采用行为产生了负面影响。而那些认为自家棉花种植规模较小,不适宜种植机采棉的植棉户,其采用机采棉技术的可能性也较小。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is the most important cotton production base in China. In 2012, Xinjiang produced 48.8% cotton with its sowing area accounting for 37.8% of China's cotton. But in recent years, higher labor cost and lower production efficiency in Xinjiang have seriously hindered the improvement of cotton competitiveness. According to the statistics of production cost of agricultural products in China, the cost of cotton production in Xinjiang was 624.9 yuan / mu in 2000, and increased to 1939.7 yuan / mu in 2012. The labor cost rose from 299.5 yuan per mu to 1170.7 yuan, and its proportion in cotton production cost rose from 47.9% to 60 yuan. Therefore, reducing the labor cost of cotton production and carrying out the whole process mechanized operation in all aspects of cotton production bear the brunt. At present, the cotton industry in Xinjiang has been mechanized except for the harvest link. The cotton industry belongs to a labor-intensive industry, especially in the harvesting sector. The rapidly expanding labor demand and less labor supply not only increase the risk that cotton farmers can not find flower pickers, but also greatly increase the cost of cotton planting in Xinjiang. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out cotton picking technology in cotton harvest. Because Xinjiang Corps has a suitable organization and management mode for the popularization of mechanized cotton picking technology, it has been widely popularized in the Corps in a short period of time, but this area is still relatively small in Xinjiang, where the same planting environment exists in Xinjiang with the same planting environment. It is difficult to popularize mechanical cotton picking technology. Based on the above background, based on the microscopic investigation data of local cotton planting households in Xinjiang, it is considered that benefit is the primary factor that affects the behavior of cotton farmers' new technology selection. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the effect of mechanical cotton picking technology on cotton production efficiency, and finds that mechanical cotton picking technology can not only improve the economic benefit of cotton planting, but also effectively improve the cotton production technology efficiency. And both have greater room for promotion. In the fifth part of the article, the factors influencing the behavior of cotton picking technology were analyzed by using logistic regression method. The conclusion is as follows: the behavior of mechanical cotton picking technology is influenced by internal and external factors. Among the internal factors, the number of plots is small, the scale of cotton planting is large, and the cotton planting households who take part in training are more likely to adopt mechanical cotton picking technology. Among the external factors, the employment risk is the most important factor affecting the adoption of cotton harvesting technology. The mechanical cotton picking technology itself has some inherent deficiencies, such as: after spraying defoliating agent is easy to be affected by the weather, mechanical harvesting will cause waste of cotton, and there are no varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting, and so on. These technical problems affect the enthusiasm of cotton planting machine. However, there are still some unreasonable aspects in the grading standard and impingement standard of machine picking in the processing plant, such as the fuzziness of impingement standard, the high impounding standard and the fuzzy grading standard. The low grade of mechanical cotton picking has a negative effect on the adoption of cotton picking technology. Those who think that their own cotton planting scale is small, is not suitable to plant cotton picking machine, the possibility of using mechanical cotton picking technology is also less likely.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.12;F323.3

【引证文献】