太湖县精准扶贫实践中的问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 04:57

本文选题：精准扶贫 + 基层实践　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放近四十年来,我国反贫困事业取得举世瞩目的成效。一方面,新时期经济社会高速发展,人民生活质量追求日益提高,绝对贫困人口大幅下降,另一方面制约农村贫困地区发展的深层矛盾逐渐显现,新老问题相互交织,我国扶贫开发形势严峻。党的十八大首次提出全面建成小康社会的宏伟目标,农村贫困人口脱贫是短板,为补齐短板,我国自2013年开始推行精准扶贫政策,旨在通过对贫困户的建档立卡、精准识别、精准帮扶、精准管理攻克农村脱贫难题。基于精准扶贫政策背景,基层扶贫工作如何适应扶贫开发新要求、新思路,如何挖掘农村贫困深层根源与矛盾,如何在精准识别贫困户的基础上实现扶贫资源合理配置与靶向投放、扶贫效率有效提升都是亟待探索与解决的问题。本研究基于精准扶贫基层实践视角,以贫困村和贫困人口为研究对象,以太湖县山区贫困村——弥陀镇圣迹村和畈区贫困村——徐桥镇桃铺村为样本点,以文献分析法、实地调研法、统计分析法与个案分析法为基本研究方法,通过了解太湖县农村贫困现状以及精准扶贫贫困村实践现状,分析制约贫困村精准扶贫实践的瓶颈,力图为农村精准扶贫实践提供针对性的对策建议。本文主要研究内容包括以下几个部分:第一部分,在对精准扶贫国内外研究成果进行梳理的基础上,基于对"共同富裕"的理论性与实践性的认识,结合对太湖县精准扶贫基层实践状况的调查,力图对精准扶贫、精准识别、精准帮扶与精准管理等进行概念界定,对精准扶贫与粗放扶贫进行内涵区分。第二部分,以贫困代际传递理论为理论基础,结合精准扶贫贫困村实践的实地调研结果,对农村贫困家庭贫困特征与贫困根源进行梳理与探究,认为农村家庭贫困呈现收入来源分散化、贫困程度相对化、致贫原因复杂化、身份认知差异化的特征,其家庭贫困根源在于贫困通过在个体生命周期各个环节不断积累,在家庭代际之间互相传递实现贫困的自我维系。基于对贫困村精准扶贫实践的调查、分析与观察,总结太湖县精准扶贫成果,分析贫困村精准扶贫各环节的实践现状,主要包括精准识别、精准帮扶与精准管理现状。第三部分,基于对贫困村扶贫主体与贫困主体的调查分析,分析出当前太湖县贫困村精准扶贫实践存在以下问题:贫困户扶贫参与有待加强、资源靶向投放精准性有待提高、社会扶贫力量有待挖掘整合、村级扶贫精准管理有待强化,并对其问题产生原因进行分析。第四部分,基于精准扶贫基层实践现状与问题的分析研究,结合反贫困的生命周期理论与社会精细化治理理论,提出精准扶贫基层实践应通过建立健全贫困户参与机制、促进扶贫资源精准投放、实现社会扶贫力量精准挖掘整合、强化扶贫精准管理以实现贫困户脱贫致富。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's anti-poverty cause has achieved remarkable results. On the one hand, the rapid economic and social development in the new era, the increasing pursuit of the quality of life of the people, the sharp decline in the absolute poor population, on the other hand, the deep contradictions that restrict the development of poor rural areas are gradually emerging, and new and old problems interweave with each other. The situation of poverty alleviation and development in China is grim. For the first time, the 18th National Congress of the Party put forward the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In order to supplement the poor in rural areas, China began to implement a policy of precision poverty alleviation in 2013, aiming to accurately identify the poor households by building a scale card. Precision support, precision management to overcome the rural poverty problem. Based on the policy background of precision poverty alleviation, how to adapt the grass-roots poverty alleviation work to the new requirements, new ideas, and how to dig into the deep roots and contradictions of rural poverty, On the basis of accurate identification of poor households, it is urgent to explore and solve the problem of how to rationally allocate and target poverty alleviation resources and how to improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation. This study is based on the perspective of precision poverty alleviation practice, taking the poor village and the poor population as the research object, taking the poor village-Shengjing village of Maituo town and the poor village-Xuqiao town-Taopu village of fan district as the sample points, and using the literature analysis method. Field investigation, statistical analysis and case analysis are the basic research methods. Through understanding the current situation of rural poverty in Taihu County and the practical situation of precision poverty alleviation village, the bottleneck restricting the practice of precision poverty alleviation in poor villages is analyzed. This paper tries to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the practice of accurate poverty alleviation in rural areas. The main research contents of this paper include the following parts: the first part, on the basis of combing the domestic and foreign research results of precision poverty alleviation, based on the understanding of the theory and practice of "common prosperity". Combined with the investigation of the practice of precision poverty alleviation in Taihu County, this paper tries to define the concepts of precision poverty alleviation, precision identification, precision help and precision management, and distinguishes the connotation between precision poverty alleviation and extensive poverty alleviation. The second part, based on the theory of poverty intergenerational transmission, combs and explores the poverty characteristics and root causes of rural poor families by combining with the field investigation results of the practice of poverty alleviation. The author thinks that the family poverty in rural areas is characterized by the diversification of income sources, the relative degree of poverty, the complication of the causes of poverty, and the difference in identity cognition. The root of poverty in rural households lies in the accumulation of poverty through various links in the individual life cycle. Intergenerational transmission of self-sustaining poverty among families. Based on the investigation, analysis and observation of the practice of precision poverty alleviation in poor villages, the paper summarizes the results of precision poverty alleviation in Taihu County, and analyzes the current situation of precision poverty alleviation in poor villages, including precision identification, precision help and precision management. The third part, based on the investigation and analysis of the poverty alleviation main body and the poverty main body in the poor village, analyzes the following problems existing in the current poverty alleviation practice of the poor village in Taihu county: poverty alleviation participation of poor households needs to be strengthened, and the precision of targeted resource delivery needs to be improved. Social poverty-alleviation forces need to be integrated, village-level poverty-alleviation precision management needs to be strengthened, and the causes of its problems are analyzed. The fourth part, based on the analysis and study of the current situation and problems in the practice of precision poverty alleviation, combined with the life cycle theory of anti-poverty and the theory of fine governance of society, the author puts forward that the practice of precision poverty alleviation should be done by establishing and perfecting the participation mechanism of poor households. To promote the accurate investment of poverty alleviation resources, to realize the integration of social poverty alleviation forces, and to strengthen the accurate management of poverty alleviation in order to achieve poverty alleviation and become rich.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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