基于最小累积阻力模型的北京市生态用地规划研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 12:50

本文选题：生态用地 + 最小累积阻力模型(MCR)　；参考：《生态学报》2017年19期

【摘要】：生态用地规划强调对区域生态系统结构与功能的保护,增强社会经济发展的生态环境支撑能力。从保障首都基本生态安全、改善大气环境质量、建设宜居城市的角度出发,通过对北京市生态重要性进行综合评价,明确北京市重要生态用地空间分布特征。在此基础上,采用最小累积阻力模型(MCR),以重要生态用地为"源",以土地覆被类型、距道路距离和距居民点距离作为阻力因子生成阻力面,模拟重要生态用地空间扩张过程,进而设置生态用地规划情景,并从景观连通性、生态功能保障度及与现状建设用地冲突情况等3个方面对不同情景下的生态用地规划方案进行保护效能评价,最终提出北京市生态用地的适宜规模和优化布局方案。研究结果表明:北京市重要生态用地总面积为9879 km~2,占市域总面积的60.20%;生态用地的适宜规模为12417 km~2,占市域总面积的75.67%,其中,平原区生态用地的适宜规模为2944 km~2,占平原区总面积的46.45%,主要分布于建成区的外围过渡地带;山区生态用地的适宜规模为9473 km~2,占山区总面积的94.05%。
[Abstract]:The ecological land use planning emphasizes the protection of the structure and function of the regional ecosystem and strengthens the ecological environment support ability of the social and economic development. From the point of view of guaranteeing the basic ecological safety of the capital, improving the quality of atmospheric environment and building a livable city, the spatial distribution characteristics of important ecological land in Beijing are clarified through the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological importance of Beijing. On this basis, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCRA) was used to simulate the spatial expansion process of the important ecological land. The land cover type, the distance from the road and the distance from the residential area were used as the resistance factors to generate the resistance surface, taking the important ecological land as the "source", and the land cover type, the distance from the road and the distance from the residential area as the resistance factors. Then the ecological land use planning scenarios are set up, and the conservation effectiveness of the ecological land planning schemes under different scenarios is evaluated from three aspects: landscape connectivity, ecological function guarantee degree and conflict with the present construction land. Finally, the suitable scale and optimal layout of ecological land in Beijing are put forward. The results show that the total area of important ecological land in Beijing is 9879 km2, accounting for 60.20% of the total area of the city, and the suitable scale of ecological land is 12417 kmm2, which accounts for 75.67% of the total area of the city. The suitable scale of ecological land in plain area is 2944 km2, which accounts for 46.45% of the total area of plain area, which is mainly distributed in the outer transitional zone of the built area, and the suitable scale of ecological land in mountain area is 9473 km / m ~ 2, accounting for 94.05% of the total area of mountain area.
【作者单位】：北京市环境保护科学研究院;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心;国家环境保护工业废水污染控制工程技术(北京)中心;
【基金】：北京市自然科学基金(8154046,5164031) 北京市科技计划项目(Z161100001116017) 国家自然科学基金(41371486)
【分类号】：F301.2

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