城市居民对东北重点国有林区森林生态服务支付意愿研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 10:20

  本文选题：东北重点国有林区 + 森林生态服务　； 参考：《东北林业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：东北重点国有林区对保障我国乃至东北亚的生态安全具有十分重要的战略意义,由于多年过度开发,其生态服务功能受到极大削弱。为了尽快恢复该地区生态服务功能,就需要对该地区进行生态补偿。森林生态补偿的途径包括政府补偿、市场化补偿和自愿补偿。由于森林生态服务属于公共服务范畴,目前主要以政府补偿为主,市场化补偿和自愿补偿为辅。而森林生态补偿计价办法要逐步由成本补偿过渡到价值补偿,就需要对森林生态服务价值进行评估。在生态学视域下评估的森林生态服务价值是巨大的,但是其价值却难以实现。随着城市居民生活水平的提高,其对生态服务的需求也日益强烈。在政府补偿资金不足和市场化补偿难以开展的情况下,使城市居民的自愿补偿成为可能。城市居民自愿补偿能力与居民支付意愿密切相关,而居民支付意愿又受到所在区域的经济社会因素影响。因此,更全面地开展居民支付意愿分析和支付能力评估工作,将有利于政府部门制订符合居民意愿的政策。同时,城市居民自愿补偿国有林区森林生态服务也是对森林生态服务价值实现途径的补充与完善。在界定森林生态服务、支付意愿相关概念的基础上,梳理了森林生态区位理论、公共服务市场化理论、行为经济学理论和森林生态服务理论,并阐述了这些理论在本文中的作用。通过分析东北重点国有林区现状林地面积、林龄结构、树种结构、森林生态等级情况发现,吉林森工林区中幼林蓄积量占总蓄积量的比例不足1/3,森林质量明显好于黑龙江省重点国有林区,并发现大兴安岭林区森林质量明显下降。单因素方差分析结果表明,森林资源的单位面积蓄积量在区域、林龄两个方面存在显著差异。从生态学视域、生态区位比较视域、生态区位重要性测度视域和自愿补偿视域等四个视域阐述森林生态服务价值的评估过程,其中自愿补偿视域是本文的核心研究内容。由于森林生态服务自愿补偿程度受到森林所在区域城市居民支付意愿的影响,因此需要运用博弈论方法构建了一个自愿补偿政策下的国有林区经营者和受益者之间的博弈模型。博弈分析表明：林区生态环境越好,森林生态服务受益者越具有较高的支付意愿。所以,应用条件价值法(Contingent Valuation Method,简称CVM)对黑龙江省(哈尔滨市、齐齐哈尔市、牡丹江市、佳木斯市、黑河市等)、吉林省(吉林市、集安市等)、辽宁省(沈阳市)共计8个城市开展城市居民对东北重点国有林区森林生态服务支付意愿(Willingness To Pay,简称WTP)问卷调查。由于沈阳作为东北国有林区间接受益地区,与直接受益地区的支付意愿是有所差别的,所以城市居民对森林生态服务支付偏好分析采用在沈阳市的调查数据,其问卷设计与直接受益地区也有所区别。利用SPSS21.0对沈阳居民调查数据进行描述性统计分析和探索性因素分析,采用SAS9.0统计分析软件开展支付偏好的影响因素筛选,并对这些影响因素与支付偏好进行关联性分析,在此基础上构建Logistic回归模型。通过主成分分析,获得关注度、重视度、满意度等3个维度(潜变量),相关统计学指标表明该问卷具有良好的内部一致性和区分度；利用结构方程模型对8个城市居民问卷调查数据进行一阶验证性因素分析和二阶验证性因素,可以更深入地明确影响森林生态服务支付意愿的各项潜变量之间的关系。由于城市居民对森林生态服务支付意愿不仅受到个人层面因素的影响,同时还受到其所在社会环境以及当地的经济水平的影响,因此采用HLM多层线性模型来评估城市居民对森林生态服务的支付能力。在构建HLM多层线性模型过程中,将居民个体的人口统计学变量和支付意愿潜变量作为水平1变量(个体变量),将城市的社会经济类指标作为水平2变量(宏观变量)。同时将宏观变量按照大城市、中等城市、小城市3种类型和个体变量平均值代入多层线性模型方程式,分别得到大城市、中等城市、小城市居民支付能力的多层统计模型。由于森林生态服务经营和管理有其独特性,因此森林生态服务市场并未形成。为了更好地发挥重点国有林区森林生态系统的环境服务功能,就必须调动城市居民参与的积极性,通过相应制度安排和开发信息平台来提升城市居民对国有林区森林生态服务的支付水平。本文仅是在东北城市开展居民支付意愿研究,存在一定的区域性,有待进一步在更多城市地区开展相关研究。
[Abstract]:The key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China have very important strategic significance to protect the ecological security of China and the Northeast Asia. Due to years of overexploitation, its ecological service function has been greatly weakened. In order to restore the ecological service function of the region as soon as possible, the ecological compensation should be carried out in this area. The way of forest ecological compensation includes the government compensation. As the forest ecological service belongs to the public service category, the main part is the government compensation, the market compensation and the voluntary compensation. And the forest ecological compensation valuation method should be gradually transferred from the cost compensation to the value compensation, so it is necessary to evaluate the ecological service value of the forest ecosystem. The value of forest ecological services under assessment is huge, but its value is difficult to realize. With the improvement of urban residents' living standards, the demand for ecological services is becoming increasingly strong. Under the situation of insufficient government compensation funds and market compensation, the voluntary compensation of urban residents is possible. Compensation capacity is closely related to the willingness to pay for residents, and the willingness of residents to pay is affected by the economic and social factors in the region. Therefore, a more comprehensive analysis of the willingness to pay and the assessment of payment capacity will help the government to formulate policies that meet the wishes of the residents. Meanwhile, the urban residents voluntarily compensate the forest of the state-owned forest areas. Ecological service is also a supplement and perfection to the way to realize the value of forest ecological service. On the basis of defining the concept of forest ecological service and willingness to pay, the theory of forest ecological location, the theory of public service marketization, the theory of behavioral economics and the theory of forest ecological service are combed, and the role of these theories in this paper is expounded. By analyzing the present situation of forest area, forest age structure, tree structure and forest ecological grade in the key state-owned forest areas of Northeast China, it is found that the proportion of the total accumulation of young forest in the forest area of Jilin forest industry is less than 1/3, the forest quality is obviously better than the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province, and the forest quality of the Greater Khingan Range forest area is obviously reduced. The results of variance analysis show that there are significant differences in the two aspects of the unit area storage of forest resources in the area and the age of forest. The assessment process of forest ecological service value is elaborated from four perspectives, such as ecological vision, ecological location comparison, ecological location importance measurement and voluntary compensation view, in which the voluntary compensation view is the base. As the degree of voluntary compensation for forest ecological services is influenced by the willingness to pay for the urban residents in the region of the forest, the game theory is used to build a game model between the operators and beneficiaries of a state-owned forest area under the policy of voluntary compensation. The beneficiaries of forest ecological services have higher willingness to pay. Therefore, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) has been carried out in 8 cities in Heilongjiang province (Harbin, Qigihar, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, Heihe, etc.), Jilin province (Jilin City, Ji'an city) and Liaoning province (Shenyang city). Willingness To Pay (WTP) questionnaire survey on the forest ecological services in the key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China. Because Shenyang is an indirect beneficiary area of the Northeast State-owned Forest Area, the willingness to pay in the direct benefited region is different. Therefore, the analysis of the urban residents' preference for forest ecological service payment is used in Shenyang. According to this, the design of the questionnaire is also different from that of the direct beneficiary area. Using SPSS21.0 to carry out descriptive statistical analysis and exploratory factor analysis on the survey data of Shenyang residents, the influence factors of payment preference are screened by SAS9.0 statistical analysis software, and the correlation analysis of these factors and payment preference is made on the basis of this. The Logistic regression model was built. Through the principal component analysis, 3 dimensions (latent variables) such as attention degree, degree of attention and satisfaction were obtained. The relevant statistical indicators showed that the questionnaire had good internal consistency and regional diversity, and the first order confirmatory factor analysis and two order confirmatory factor were used to analyze the questionnaire data of 8 urban residents using the structural equation model. The relationship between the latent variables which affect the willingness to pay for forest ecological services can be more clearly defined. Because the urban residents' willingness to pay the forest ecological service is not only influenced by the individual factors, but also influenced by the social environment and the local economic level, the HLM multi-layer linear model is adopted. To assess the capacity of urban residents to pay for forest ecological services, in the process of building a HLM multi-layer linear model, the demographic variables of the individual and the latent variable of willingness to pay are taken as the level 1 variable (individual variable), and the social and economic indicators of the city are taken as the level 2 variables (macro variables). Meanwhile, the macro variables are based on the big cities, The average value of 3 types and individual variables in medium-sized cities and small cities is replaced by the multi-layer linear model equation, and the multi-layer statistical model of the capacity of the residents in large cities, middle cities and small cities is obtained respectively. The forest ecological service market has not been formed because of the forest ecological service management and management. The environmental service function of the forest ecosystem in the state-owned forest area must mobilize the enthusiasm of the urban residents to participate, and improve the urban residents' payment level to the forest ecological services in the state-owned forest areas through the corresponding system arrangement and the development of information platform. This paper is only in the northeast city to carry out the research on the willingness to pay for the people, and there are some regional characteristics. Further research should be carried out in more urban areas.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.2
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本文编号：2102460