市场化改革视角下我国农民合作社规范化发展评价研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 19:08

【摘要】：随着西方市场经济条件下社会矛盾的不断激化,农民合作社制度应运而生。到20世纪30年代,我国农民合作社开始萌芽。进入21世纪,我国农民专业合作社快速发展,成为促进农业产业化发展、推进新农村建设、增加农民收入的重要组织载体。这一时期,市场化改革不断深入,农产品市场格局逐步向买方市场转变,而被推到市场前沿的单个农户即便在农民合作社模式中仍然缺乏独立应对各种激烈竞争的能力,我国农民专业合作社规范化发展整体上还存在许多问题,尤其是规范化发展评价的滞后更使这一困局一时得不到根本解决。显然,为什么要支持合作社规范化发展,如何支持农民合作社规范化发展,政府通过何种途径与方式有效支持这一组织体获得规范化发展,这是一个值得深入讨论的问题,也是规范化评价的一个逻辑基点问题。首先,农业是国民经济的基础,农民合作社规范化发展的第一要义在于促进农业和农村现代化发展、提高农民实际收入水平。但即便是当今社会,农业及从事农业生产经营的农户仍然面临着比其他产业及其从业人员更高的市场风险和自然风险,具有弱质性特点。特别是我国人地矛盾突出,农民收入很难通过市场得到保证,加上农民文化素质相对偏低,农业劳动生产率不高,农民劳动收入也很难在短期内提高,可见,在市场经济条件下,作为农业生产经营方式和农民组织化程度的一种重要呈现形式,农民专业合作社的规范化发展是农业、农村和农民发展的必然要求。其次,我国农民专业合作社的发展不仅是一个不断试验与改革演进的自然过程,也是经济社会制度环境不断引导、提升和帮助的过程。调查研究显示,现今我国农民专业合作社规范化程度还不高,影响力不够。对此,一是必须有一个开放的心态,从中国合作社发展的总体出发,根据农民合作社的特殊性和阶段性,开展有建设性的社会批评意见和外部监督机构;二是防止农民专业合作社的“异化”现象对于农民权利和利益的损害,防止不良寻租或不当的支持等行为的出现;三是支持农民大规模的合作,为农民专业合作社规范化发展提供专业化、现代化管理,实质提升农民合作社的市场竞争力。总体上看,我国农民合作社是市场经济条件下弱势群体农民的联合组织。由于农业风险不会自然消除,小农户和大市场之间的矛盾不会立即得到解决,即使农民专业合作社可能在一定程度上替代和引进较为重要的生产要素,但如果缺失规范化发展,特别是没能从农村社会结构等方面催生重大变革,农民合作社也终究难有大的作为。借鉴国际经验,巩固和提升农民合作社的发展质量水平,需要在政府的大力支持下,通过建立规范化发展要求。
[Abstract]:With the continuous intensification of social contradictions under the conditions of western market economy, the system of farmers' cooperative emerged as the times require. To the 20 th century 30 s, our country farmer cooperative begins to sprout. In the 21st century, professional cooperatives of farmers in China have developed rapidly and become an important organizational carrier to promote the development of agricultural industrialization, promote the construction of new rural areas and increase farmers' income. During this period, the market-oriented reform continued to deepen, the market pattern of agricultural products gradually changed to the buyer's market, and the individual farmers who were pushed to the forefront of the market still lacked the ability to deal with all kinds of fierce competition independently even in the mode of farmers' cooperative. There are still many problems in the standardization development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in our country, especially the lag in the evaluation of standardized development, which makes this dilemma can not be solved at a time. Obviously, why should we support the standardized development of cooperatives, how to support the standardized development of farmers' cooperatives, and what ways and means the government can effectively support the standardized development of this organization? this is a question worthy of in-depth discussion. It is also a logical basis point of standardized evaluation. First of all, agriculture is the foundation of national economy, and the first important point of the standardized development of peasant cooperatives lies in promoting the development of agriculture and rural modernization and raising the farmers' real income level. But even in today's society, agriculture and farmers engaged in agricultural production and management still face higher market risks and natural risks than other industries and their employees. In particular, the contradiction between people and land in our country is prominent, the peasants' income can hardly be guaranteed through the market, and the peasants' cultural quality is relatively low, the agricultural labor productivity is not high, and the peasants' labor income is also very difficult to raise in a short period of time. Under the condition of market economy, as an important form of agricultural production and management and farmers' organization, the standardized development of farmers' specialized cooperatives is the inevitable requirement of the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Secondly, the development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China is not only a natural process of continuous experiment and reform and evolution, but also a process of continuous guidance, promotion and help of the economic and social system environment. The investigation and research show that the standardization degree of farmers' professional cooperatives is not high and the influence is not enough. First, we must have an open mind, starting from the overall development of Chinese cooperatives, according to the particularity and stages of farmers' cooperatives, we should carry out constructive social criticism and external supervision institutions; The second is to prevent the phenomenon of "alienation" of farmers' professional cooperatives from harming farmers' rights and interests, and to prevent the appearance of improper rent-seeking or improper support. The third is to support the large-scale cooperation of farmers, to provide specialization and modern management for the standardized development of farmers' specialized cooperatives, and to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives in essence. Generally speaking, farmers' cooperatives in our country are the joint organization of farmers in the weak groups under the market economy. Since agricultural risks will not be eliminated naturally, the contradiction between smallholder farmers and large markets will not be resolved immediately, even if specialized farmers cooperatives may replace and introduce more important factors of production to a certain extent, but without standardized development, In particular, the rural social structure and other aspects of the failure to promote major changes, farmers cooperatives will not be able to do much after all. To use international experience for reference to consolidate and improve the development quality of farmers' cooperatives, it is necessary to establish standardized development requirements with the support of the government.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.42

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