木本粮油补贴政策实际效果分析及其经济学解释

发布时间：2019-01-05 06:58

【摘要】：【目的】激励农户扩大木本粮油种植面积,提高生产效率,缓解粮油安全问题是木本粮油补贴政策的主要目标。确定木本粮油补贴政策在主产省份的实施效果,并从农户行为响应的视角构建理论模型验证政策效果,有助于探究木本粮油补贴政策的实施效果及其理论机制,从而为制定针对性更强和效率更高的木本粮油补贴政策提供科学依据。【方法】首先,基于调查研究法,梳理木本粮油补贴政策的主要内容;其次,利用访谈问卷调查法,实地调研木本粮油主产省的补贴政策实施和产业发展情况,归纳出木本粮油补贴政策的实际效果。在此基础上,将木本粮油市场看作完全竞争市场,构建理论模型分析木本粮油补贴政策对市场均衡的影响、对不同规模农户的影响以及对生产效率的影响,并通过对木本粮油种植户规模的区分,研究木本粮油补贴政策对不同规模种植户生产行为和生产效率的影响,为补贴政策实施的实际效果提供经济学解释。【结果】1)木本粮油补贴政策实施后,主要种植地区木本粮油种植面积大幅度增加。2)板栗、枣、核桃、油茶等大部分木本粮油产品市场价格呈现下降趋势。3)木本粮油新型林业经营组织增多,单户种植规模扩大,规模集中效应明显。4)主要针对种植面积的一次性资金补贴难以有效改进"重造轻管"问题,对木本粮油生产率提高效果有限。5)在农业补贴标准和造林成本不断提高的背景下,木本粮油补贴标准偏低且缺乏及时调整弱化了激励效果。【结论】1)木本粮油补贴政策对扩大木本粮油种植规模具有积极作用,继续实施木本粮油补贴政策具有必要性,但应实现补贴的连续性,低产林改造补贴适当倾斜小规模种植户。2)造林补贴为主的木本粮油补贴政策导致"重造轻管",对木本粮油生产率的提高效果有限。应逐步对林业补贴政策由造林补贴为主向抚育管理补贴调整。3)最低补贴面积太高或补贴标准太低造成小规模种植户种植规模的减少和福利的损失。应扩大资金来源渠道,提高补贴标准。4)只同种植面积挂钩的生产环节补贴政策使大规模种植户的生产效率低于小规模种植户,应通过补贴条件设置引导适度规模经营,提高边际生产率。
[Abstract]:[objective] to encourage farmers to expand woody grain and oil planting area, improve production efficiency and alleviate grain and oil safety are the main objectives of woody grain and oil subsidy policy. To determine the effect of woody grain and oil subsidy policy in the main production province, and to build a theoretical model from the perspective of farmers' behavior response to verify the policy effect, which is helpful to explore the implementation effect of woody grain and oil subsidy policy and its theoretical mechanism. In order to establish a more targeted and more efficient woody grain and oil subsidy policy to provide a scientific basis. [methods] first of all, based on the investigation and research method, combing the main content of woody grain and oil subsidy policy; Secondly, by using the method of interview and questionnaire, the paper investigates the implementation of subsidy policy and the development of industry in Woody grain and oil production province, and concludes the actual effect of woody grain and oil subsidy policy. On this basis, the woody grain and oil market is regarded as a completely competitive market, and a theoretical model is constructed to analyze the effects of woody grain and oil subsidy policies on market equilibrium, on farmers of different sizes and on production efficiency. By differentiating the scale of woody grain and oil growers, the effects of woody grain and oil subsidy policy on the production behavior and production efficiency of different scale planters are studied. [results] 1) after the implementation of woody grain and oil subsidy policy, the planting area of woody grain and oil increased significantly in the main planting areas. 2) Chinese chestnut, jujube, walnut, Chinese chestnut, jujube and walnut, The market prices of most woody grain and oil products, such as Camellia oleifera, have shown a downward trend. 3) the number of new types of forestry management organizations for woody grain and oil has increased, and the scale of single-family cultivation has expanded. The concentration effect of scale is obvious. 4) it is difficult to effectively improve the problem of "heavy construction and light pipe", which is mainly aimed at the one-off fund subsidy of planting area. The effect of increasing the productivity of woody grain and oil is limited. 5) against the background of increasing agricultural subsidy standard and afforestation cost, The low standard of woody grain and oil subsidy and the lack of timely adjustment weaken the incentive effect. [conclusion] 1) Woody grain and oil subsidy policy has positive effect on enlarging the scale of woody grain and oil planting, and it is necessary to continue to implement woody grain and oil subsidy policy. However, the continuity of subsidy should be realized, and the subsidy for low yield forest transformation should be inclined to small scale growers. 2) the policy of woody grain and oil subsidy, which is based on afforestation subsidy, leads to "heavy construction and light pipe", which has limited effect on improving the productivity of woody grain and oil. The forestry subsidy policy should be gradually adjusted from afforestation subsidy to tending management subsidy. 3) too high minimum subsidy area or too low subsidy standard should result in the reduction of planting scale and the loss of welfare of small-scale growers. The production link subsidy policy, which is only linked to the planting area, should expand the channel of fund source and raise the subsidy standard. 4) the production efficiency of large-scale growers is lower than that of small-scale growers, and the moderate scale management should be guided by the setting of subsidy conditions. Increase marginal productivity.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71403053) 国家社科基金重大项目(16ZDA024) 福建省自然科学基金项目(2017J01791)
【分类号】：F326.1;F812.8

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