通化市农民培训需求及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 21:10

【摘要】：国家近年来出台的“中央一号”文件都聚焦“三农”问题,着力解决农民收入、农村集体经济发展、农业现代化进程和美丽乡村建设问题,我国当前正处于农业现代化建设的关键阶段,农业综合生产能力的提高和农村社会发展的进步都离不开高素质的农民,特别是先进的农业科学技术、高效率的农业设施装备、现代化的经营管理理念能否在农村广泛的被应用,取决于农民综合素质的高低,因此,开展农民培训,培养新型职业农民,能有效解决“谁来种地”的问题,保障粮食安全,了解农民对技术、经营管理的需求。满足农民需求的农民培训,是促进农业综合生产能力提高、新型农业经营主体发展、农村社会治理的重要举措,有利于尽早建成小康社会目标的实现。本文以通化市为例,运用人力资本理论、理性选择理论、公共产品理论以及公共产品供需均衡等理论,并进行实际调研,采用理论分析和实证分析相结合的研究方法,系统地梳理了通化市农民的培训现状、培训问题及具体特征,深入细致地分析通化市农民的培训供需状况及其影响因素。通过调查研究发现,通化市农民培训存在总体培训的供给不够;供给的主体类型和数量较少,供给不连续、不协调;培训的支持资金供给不够;乡镇专业农业技术工作人员短缺;培训供给的形式与农民的实际需求有所偏差等诸多问题。影响通化市农民参加培训学习的因素主要有:农民的性别、年龄、参加培训情况、培训对增加竞争力和收入的帮助程度、家庭人口数、家庭劳动力人数、家庭年收入、培训时间、培训地点等要素,这些变量对参与培训意愿的影响不尽相同。本文根据理论研究及实证分析的结论,具有针对性的提出了相关的政策和建议:应当加大对农民教育培训的资金支持力度,出台相应的鼓励政策,加大对政策的宣传力度;增加财政方面的资金投入,形成并完善稳定的长效机制,鼓励社会各界及个人对农民培训教育方面投入资本;进一步促进多方支持的农民教育培训机制,努力实现农民免费职业教育培训,以突显出农民教育培训的公益性。制定农民教育培训的相应考核制度,扩散农民教育培训工作的积极作用和社会影响力。合理设置农民培训的时间、地点、内容和方式;强化基层乡镇农业技术服务体系和农业技术推广体系的服务能力;扩充农民培训师资力量;加强农业实训基地建设。
[Abstract]:The "Central Committee No. 1" document issued by the state in recent years has focused on the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", and has focused on solving the problems of farmers' income, the development of the rural collective economy, the process of agricultural modernization and the construction of beautiful villages. At present, our country is in the key stage of agricultural modernization construction. The improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity and the progress of rural social development can not be separated from high-quality farmers, especially advanced agricultural science and technology, and highly efficient agricultural facilities. Whether the modern management and management idea can be widely applied in rural areas depends on the comprehensive quality of farmers. Therefore, to develop farmer training and train new professional farmers can effectively solve the problem of "who will farm land" and ensure food security. Understand farmers' demand for technology, management and management. The training of farmers to meet the needs of farmers is an important measure to promote the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity, the development of new agricultural management subjects and the governance of rural society, which is conducive to the realization of the goal of building a well-off society as soon as possible. This paper takes Tonghua City as an example, applies human capital theory, rational choice theory, public goods theory and public goods supply and demand equilibrium theory, and carries on the actual investigation, uses the research method which the theory analysis and the empirical analysis unifies. This paper systematically combs the training status, training problems and specific characteristics of farmers in Tonghua City, and analyzes the training supply and demand situation of farmers in Tonghua City and its influencing factors. Through investigation and research, it is found that the supply of training for farmers in Tonghua City is not enough, the main types and quantity of supply are less, the supply is not continuous, and the supply of training support funds is not enough. There are many problems, such as shortage of specialized agricultural technical staff in villages and towns, deviation between the form of training supply and the actual demand of farmers, etc. The main factors that affect farmers' participation in training and learning are: farmers' gender, age, participation in training, the degree of help of training to increase competitiveness and income, the number of family population, the number of family labor force, the annual income of families. Factors such as training time, training place and so on, these variables have different influence on training intention. According to the conclusions of theoretical research and empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some relevant policies and suggestions: we should increase the financial support for farmers' education and training, introduce the corresponding incentive policies, and increase the publicity of the policies; Increase financial investment, form and improve a stable long-term mechanism, and encourage all sectors of society and individuals to invest capital in farmer training and education; We should further promote the mechanism of peasant education and training supported by many parties, and strive to realize free vocational education and training for farmers, so as to highlight the commonweal nature of farmers' education and training. To establish the corresponding assessment system of peasant education and training, to spread the positive role and social influence of peasant education and training. Reasonably set up the time, place, content and method of farmers' training; strengthen the service ability of the agricultural technical service system and the agricultural technology extension system in the grass-roots villages and towns; expand the training teachers of farmers; and strengthen the construction of agricultural training base.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6

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