农村宅基地有偿退出机制研究

发布时间：2019-02-26 20:18

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的快速发展和新型城镇化、工业化的加速推进,大量的农业转移人口进入城市,农村中“一户多宅”“破线超标”“隐性流转”“拆房圈地”等现象普遍存在,宅基地闲置浪费现象较为严重。与此同时,城市的发展对建设用地的需求不断增加,城市化用地、经济发展用地出现严重紧缺现象。我国现行的宅基地制度已明显滞后于当前我国经济社会的发展,土地资源的稀缺性要求建立农村宅基地有偿退出机制,有效利用农村闲置宅基地。首先,本文对目前农村宅基地相关理论和政策条文进行了梳理,对农村宅基地相关研究进行了文献综述,对我国农村宅基地制度的历史变迁、现状以及存在的问题和矛盾进行了分析和总结,认为在我国现行的农村宅基地制度条件下,主要存在着三组矛盾:一是农村人口减少与宅基地用地面积扩大的矛盾;二是宅基地限制流转交易与隐性流转普遍存在的矛盾;三是宅基地的非商品化与增加农民的财产性收入的矛盾。其次,本文选取了巴中市恩阳区作为调研地点,并利用问卷调查的方式对农民退出宅基地的意愿进行了调查研究,了解到影响农民宅基地退出意愿的因素主要有:农民的家庭收入水平、宅基地退出后的补偿标准、农民当前所从事的主要经济活动类型、农民对养老等社会保障的顾虑等。同时,本文对重庆的“地票”模式、天津的“宅基地换房”模式、“嘉兴模式”进行了分析与评价,并在此基础上,尝试着构建起以宅基地退出补偿机制为核心,以市场化交易机制、用益物权实现机制和增值收益分享机制相配套的农村宅基地有偿退出机制。最后,就宅基地有偿退出机制的建立提出了几点政策建议。一是要积极引导各利益主体参与其中,充分尊重农民的意愿;二是要实行农村宅基地有偿使用制度,促进宅基地集约利用;三是要赋予宅基地完整的物权,增加农民的财产性收入;四是要建立农村宅基地流转交易市场,优化配置农村土地资源;五是要制定系统全面的宅基地法律法规,规范宅基地利用管理;六是要规范宅基地退出程序,防范宅基地退出后的风险。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and society, the new urbanization, the acceleration of industrialization, a large number of agricultural transfer population into the city, The phenomena such as "one family and many houses", "breaking the line", "recessive circulation", "demolishing the house circle" and so on are widespread in the countryside, and the idle and waste phenomenon of the homestead is more serious. At the same time, the demand of the urban development to the construction land is increasing, the urbanization land, the economic development land appear the serious shortage phenomenon. China's current homestead system has obviously lagged behind the current economic and social development of our country. The scarcity of land resources requires the establishment of a paid withdrawal mechanism for rural homestead and the effective use of rural idle homestead. First of all, this paper combs the current rural homestead related theories and policy provisions, reviews the literature on rural homestead related research, and makes a historical change of the rural homestead system in China. The present situation, existing problems and contradictions are analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that there are mainly three groups of contradictions under the condition of the current rural homestead system in China: first, the contradiction between the reduction of rural population and the expansion of the land area of homestead; The second is the contradiction between the restricted circulation transaction and the hidden circulation, and the third is the contradiction between the non-commercialization of the homestead and the increase of peasants' property income. Secondly, this paper selects the Nyang District of Bazhong City as the research site, and uses the questionnaire to investigate the farmers' willingness to quit the homestead. It is found that the main factors affecting farmers' willingness to withdraw from their homestead are: the level of household income of farmers, the compensation standard after the withdrawal of homestead, the main types of economic activities that farmers are engaged in at present, and the peasants' concern about social security, such as the old-age and so on. At the same time, this paper analyzes and evaluates the "land ticket" mode of Chongqing, the "house exchange mode" and "Jiaxing mode" of Tianjin, and on this basis, tries to construct the compensation mechanism of homestead withdrawal as the core. Based on the market-oriented transaction mechanism, the realization mechanism of usufruct and the sharing mechanism of value-added income, the rural homestead withdrawal mechanism is paid. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the establishment of the paid withdrawal mechanism of homestead. One is to actively guide all stakeholders to participate in it, fully respecting the wishes of farmers, second, to implement the system of paid use of rural homestead, to promote the intensive use of homestead; The third is to give the homestead a complete real right to increase the farmers' property income, fourth, to establish the rural homestead circulation transaction market, optimize the allocation of rural land resources; Fifth, it is necessary to formulate systematic and comprehensive homestead laws and regulations, to standardize the management of homestead utilization, and to standardize the procedures of homestead withdrawal to prevent the risk after homestead withdrawal.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.3

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