哈尔滨所辖市县土地资源生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 18:10

本文关键词：哈尔滨所辖市县土地资源生态安全评价研究　出处：《东北农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学评价由于城市扩张所引起的土地资源生态安全,对土地资源的合理利用,促进城市区域经济、社会、生态持续稳定健康发展具有重要意义。本文以哈尔滨所辖]0县(市)为研究区,具体包括尚志市、双城市、宾县、方正县、依兰县、巴彦县、五常市、木兰县、延寿县和通河县,从土地资源生态系统的物质流、能量流、信息流等生态流角度入手,综合分析土地资源生态系统因人类社会经济作用而引入反映生态安全状态的影响要素,运用能值分析法与PSIR模型构建评价指标体系及土地资源生态安全可持续能值指数(EULESI)将哈尔滨所辖市县土地资源生态系统的安全程度进行评价,结合评价结果并作以分析提出改善、优化的针对性方案,以提高土地资源生态系统安全程度。研究结果表明：(1)能值分析法与PSIR模型有机结合,有效避免了选取指标过多、指标权重的确定过于主观的弊端的缺点。另外,通过person相关性分析得出,EISD与EULESI二者具有极强相关性,相较于EISD指数,EULESI指数对土地资源生态安全评价研究更具有敏感性和代表性,同时作为评价土地资源生态安全水平指标具有科学性,可用于其他类似地区相关研究评价指标。这也为其他同类地区土地资源生态安全相关研究提供参考,也为城市扩张下哈尔滨所辖市县生态安全建设、土地资源利用和土地整治提供科学依据。(2)受到城市扩张冲击下的2004—2011年研究区土地资源生态安全总体呈递减趋势,土地资源生态安全水平波动较大,处于较不稳定发展阶段,总体处于较不安全水平,其原因有以下几点：首先土地资源生态系统自身一直承受不可更新资源能值、工业辅助能值等来自外界的胁迫压力,而土地生态系统所固定的能量,即可更新资源能值却甚少利用,是导致土地资源生态安全处于低水平的重要因素；其次,研究区土地资源生态系统的能值产出率比较低,系统的土地生产效率不高,且输出能值远远大于外界向系统内的输入能值,系统与外界环境的能量流、货币流、生物流不能达到平衡,土地资源生态系统自身能值降低,土地资源生态系统稳定性偏低,各子系统物质流、能量流连接失和,系统的自控、调节、反馈能力下降,是土地资源生态系统处于较不安全所反映出的状态；再次研究区土壤损耗能值持续增加,表层土壤流失量严重,可更新有机势能在系统总能值中所占比率甚小,劳动力和机械势能在系统能量交换过程中利用率不高,环境潜力已趋近于0值,反映出土地资源生态系统自身其反馈能力减弱,其系统状态的环境承载力也逐渐降低,对于现存的土地资源地来说生态环境比较脆弱,环境负载已达到饱和。(3)提山改善及优化对策：首先扩大绿色植物种植面积,提高对可更新资源能值的获取；其次调整系统产业结构,搭建良性的农林牧业比例结构,并适度增加有机肥的投入量;再次适度改变局部范围气候,提高机械化水平；最后应积极宣传土地资源生态保护教育,树立良好土地资源生态保护意识。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to scientifically evaluate the ecological security of land resources caused by urban expansion, which is of great significance for the rational utilization of land resources, and promoting the sustained, stable and healthy development of urban regional economy, society and ecology.
In this paper, under the jurisdiction of Harbin]0 county (city) as the study area, including Shuangcheng City, Shangzhi City, Binxian, founder County, Yilan County, Bayan County, Wuchang City, Mulan County, Yanshou county and Tonghe County, the land resources ecological system of material flow, energy flow, information flow and ecological flow perspective comprehensive analysis of land resources, ecological system for human social and economic effects and influencing factors which can reflect the ecological security state, using the emergy analysis method and PSIR model to construct the evaluation index system of ecological security of land resources and sustainable emergy index (EULESI) will be under the jurisdiction of Harbin County Land resources ecological security evaluation system, combined with the evaluation results with analysis and improvement, the optimal scheme, to improve the safety of the land resource ecological system.
The results show that: (1) the emergy analysis method and PSIR model combination, effectively avoid the choice index too much, too subjective problem to determine the weights of the indexes. In addition, obtained by person correlation analysis, EISD and EULESI two have strong correlation, compared to the EISD index, EULESI index evaluation of the ecological security of land resources is more sensitive and representative, at the same time as the evaluation of land resources ecological security index is scientific, useful for research in other similar areas of evaluation index. It also provides the reference for other similar areas of land resources ecological security research, but also for the expansion of cities and counties of Harbin city under the construction of ecological security, provide the scientific basis for the utilization of land resources and land remediation. (2) by the expansion of the city under the impact of 2004 - 2011 in the study area of land resources ecological security overall decreasing trend, The land resource ecological security level fluctuations, not in a stable stage of development, in the overall relatively unsafe level, the reasons are as follows: first land resources ecological system itself has been under non renewable resource value, industrial emergy stress such as pressure from the outside, and the land ecological system of fixed energy you can update the resources of little use, is the result of land resource ecological security is an important factor of low level; secondly, the land resource ecological system in the study area rate is relatively low, the system of land production efficiency is not high, and the output value is far greater than the external energy value to the system within the system and input. The external environment of energy flow, money flow, biological flow can not reach equilibrium, the land resource ecological system itself can decrease the value of land resources, low stability of ecological system, each subsystem of material flow, energy flow Connection and system control, adjustment, feedback ability is the land ecosystem in less safety reflects the state of the soil loss again; energy continues to increase, the surface soil erosion is serious, renewable organic energy in the system is always the value of the proportion of very small, labor and mechanical energy exchange in the process of system energy utilization rate is not high, the environmental potential has been close to 0, reflecting the weakening of land resource ecological system of its own feedback ability, gradually reduce the bearing capacity of the system state of the environment, for the land resources for the existing ecological environment is fragile, the environmental load has reached saturation. (3). Mountain improvements and optimization measures: first, expand the planting area of green plants, improve access to renewable resource value; secondly adjust industrial structure, build a benign agroforestrial structure than cases, and moderate Finally, we should increase the input of organic fertilizer, change the climate of local area again and raise the level of mechanization. Finally, we should actively publicize the protection and education of land resources, and establish a good sense of ecological protection of land resources.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X826;F301.3

【参考文献】