曹妃甸新区生态重要性识别及土地利用空间布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 23:06

本文关键词：曹妃甸新区生态重要性识别及土地利用空间布局优化研究　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地是人类赖以生存的空间,是人类社会生产中重要的自然资源和生产资源,是地球上各类复杂的生态系统的载体及物种的栖息地。随着人口增长,城市化进程的推进,土地开发利用的强度逐渐增大,进而引发一系列的生态环境问题。在人口资源环境可持续发展的大背景下,如何使地球上有限的资源在时空上最合理、最有效地组合或配置,使各种资源得到充分有效的利用,兼顾社会、经济和生态效益,成为当前研究的前沿和热点。本文从生态保护的视角出发,基于RS、GIS技术平台,系统的分析了曹妃甸新区土地利用变化及所引起的景观格局变化情况,并构建生态重要性识别体系,识别出对于维护和控制土地生态系统安全具有关键性作用的地段,构建土地利用空间优化模型,从空间布局上为协调区域经济和生态保护提供一种操作性较强的方法。通过研究,得出以下结论:(1)1992-2012年,曹妃甸新区盐田、建设用地面积大量增加,耕地、林地和水域湿地呈现波动变化,耕地先减少后增加,滩涂和未利用地均处于减少趋势。建设用地的增加主要来源于耕地及围海造地占用沿海滩涂。耕地先减少后增加,主要由于建设占用和其他转化大于未利用地等补充耕地量。这些变化主要源于人类活动对曹妃甸新区土地利用变化的干扰程度日益增强。(2)土地利用变化引起区域内景观格局变化。研究期间,曹妃甸新区土地利用景观破碎化程度加剧,不同景观类型间的干扰度增加,从而使生态系统的稳定性降低。因此有必要以生态保护为约束,优化曹妃甸新区土地利用空间格局。(3)极重要关键地段和重要关键地段的面积占全区总面积的50.59%,主要分布于研究区中部和北部地区是维护曹妃甸新区水土安全、生物多样性保护的关键性生态用地。较重要关键地段面积占总面积14.27%,主要包括农田生态系统,以及中度敏感区域过渡地带,滩涂、沿河生态缓冲带二级区域。一般地段面积占总面积35.14%,该区生态系统较为简单,生物多样性较低,是将来建设开发方向。通过建成区的分布情况也说明了该地区土地利用布局存在不合理之处。(4)根据生态重要性识别研究,并以此作为曹妃甸新区未来土地利用的生态安全保护约束条件;利用CA-Markov模型对曹妃甸新区2022年的土地利用格局进行了预测模拟。将模拟结果与2012年土地利用现状相比,土地利用景观的破碎化程度降低,各土地利用类型斑块的聚集度增加、相互干扰度减小,区域生态系统的稳定性提高。从而表明区域生态重要性识别的研究对土地利用空间布局优化的重要作用,为协调区域经济和生态保护提供参考。
[Abstract]:The land is the human survival space, is the human society in the production of important natural resources and production resources, is the carrier of species and ecosystems on earth of all kinds of complex habitat. With the increase of population, city development, land use intensity increases gradually, which caused a series of ecological environment problems. The background of population resources and environment sustainable development, how to make the limited resources on the earth the most reasonable in time and space, the most effective combination or configuration, make all kinds of resources to be used effectively, fully considering the social, economic and ecological benefits, and has become a frontier research hotspot. This paper from the perspective of ecological protection, based on RS, GIS technology platform, the system analyzes the changes of land use and landscape pattern changes caused by the Caofeidian new area, and construct ecological importance recognition system, recognition of To maintain and control the safety of land ecosystem plays a key role in the construction area, land use spatial optimization model, provides a method for strong operational for the coordination of regional economic and ecological protection from space layout. Through the research, draw the following conclusions: (1) 1992-2012 years, Caofeidian Yantian, large area of construction land increase of arable land, woodland and wetland area fluctuated, arable land decreased first and then increased, and unused land are in the tidal flat decreased. The increase of land mainly from cultivated land and land reclamation in coastal construction accounted for. The cultivated land decreased first and then increased, mainly due to the construction of occupation and other than the conversion of unused land add the amount of arable land. These changes mainly due to the disturbance of human activities on the extent of land use change in Caofeidian is increasing. (2) the change of landscape pattern in the region caused by land use change. During the study period, the degree of landscape fragmentation increased in Caofeidian New District land use, increase the interference degree among different landscape types, so that the stability of the ecosystem is reduced. So it is necessary to protect the ecological constraints, optimize the spatial pattern of land use in Caofeidian. (3) important key areas and key areas of the area to the total area. 50.59%, mainly distributed in the central and northern regions of the study area is the maintenance of Caofeidian water security, key ecological and biodiversity conservation land. A key area of area accounts for 14.27% of the total area, including farmland ecosystem, and moderate sensitive area of the transition zone, tidal flat, two areas along the river ecological buffer zone. The general area area accounts for 35.14% of the total area, the ecological system in this area is relatively simple, low diversity, is the future development direction of construction. Through the distribution of built-up area Also shows that the unreasonable layout of land use in this area. (4) based on the ecological importance of recognition, and as Caofeidian future land use ecological security protection constraints; the land use pattern of Caofeidian in 2022 were predicted using CA-Markov simulation model. The simulation results compared with the 2012 land use status, degree land use landscape fragmentation decreased, the increase of land use degree of aggregation patches, mutual interference is decreased, improve the stability of regional ecological system. So that to study regional ecological identification plays an important role in optimizing the spatial layout of land use, and provide a reference for the coordination of regional economic and ecological protection.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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