陕南地区生态移民搬迁的成本研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 11:04

本文关键词： 陕南地区生态移民成本　出处：《西北大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国西部地区的生态移民是一项牵扯环境、资源、经济、社会等各个方面的庞大工程,移民的搬迁关系到区域经济、社会与生态的可持续发展问题,生态移民是解决生态环境和消除贫困的最有效办法之一。陕南地区位于陕西省的南部,从东往西依次是商洛、安康、汉中三市,辖内包括28个县(区)大约920万人,人口总数为陕西省总人口的四分之一。陕南地区是陕西省地质和山洪灾害的高发区,其中地质灾害的频发区占到陕南地区总面积的50%以上,以至于大量的群众都生活在有安全隐患的山区。2011年陕西省省委和省政府决定对陕南地区的群众进行生态移民搬迁,将生活在山区和地质灾害区的人群搬迁到生存环境优越的地区,是保护自然环境的必然选择,也是消除地区贫困的重要措施。本文以陕南生态移民作为研究对象,从成本的角度作为切入点,研究在整个移民搬迁过程中的成本付出问题,首先阐述了生态移民的理论基础,认为人口迁移理论、交易成本理论和人力资本理论是生态移民的理论基础。其次分析了陕南地区生态移民的缘起和现状,从陕南地区的自然地理特征、经济社会特征和自然灾害概况分析中得出陕南地区生态移民搬迁是十分必要的,进而研究了陕南生态移民搬迁的背景、特点和现状,指出其搬迁的重要意义。第三从货币成本角度分析政府和移民在搬迁中的成本负担情况,其中政府的货币成本包括安置成本、公共设施成本和行政成本,移民的货币成本包括安置成本、生活成本、就业成本和机会成本。第四从非货币成本角度分析政府和移民的成本负担情况,其中政府的非货币成本包括公信力、社会稳定性和环境成本,移民的非货币成本包括心理成本、社会关系网络和风险成本。最后分析了政府与移民在此次搬迁中的收益情况,其中政府的收益包括生态收益、经济收益和社会收益,移民的收益包括短期收益和长期收益。通过对搬迁成本和收益情况的分析,发现其中存在资金、后续产业开发和移民教育培训的问题,提出相关的对策解决问题。本文的主要研究结论为政府和移民二者的货币成本负担主要集中在安置成本方面,也就是建房费用。非货币成本是一种隐性成本,它对移民搬迁工程有着长远的影响,在移民工程中政府和移民都需处理好隐性的非货币成本。通过对搬迁成本的分析,政府的主要困境集中在资金缺失及资金有效利用方面,移民的主要困境集中在建寿资金的不足及后续生计问题。通过对移民搬迁过程中的成本研究,分析影响移民搬迁的重点影响因素,以此为今后几年政府在进行搬迁时成本的投入量作以参考,成本的投入有所侧重点,也期望为区域生态移民的搬迁提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:Ecological migration in western China is a huge project involving environment, resources, economy, society and so on. The relocation of migrants is related to the sustainable development of regional economy, society and ecology. Ecological migration is one of the most effective ways to solve the ecological environment and eliminate poverty. Southern Shaanxi is located in the south of Shaanxi Province, followed by Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong from east to west. There are about 9.2 million people in 28 counties (districts) and the total population is 1/4 of the total population of Shaanxi Province. The southern part of Shaanxi Province is a high incidence area of geological and mountain flood disasters in Shaanxi Province. The frequency of geological hazards accounts for more than 50% of the total area in southern Shaanxi. In 2011, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government decided to carry out ecological migration to the people in southern Shaanxi. It is an inevitable choice to protect the natural environment and also an important measure to eliminate regional poverty by moving people living in mountainous areas and geological disaster areas to areas with superior living environment. This paper takes the ecological migration of southern Shaanxi as the research object, from the point of view of cost, studies the problem of cost pay in the whole process of migration, and first expounds the theoretical basis of ecological migration. Population migration theory, transaction cost theory and human capital theory are the theoretical basis of ecological migration. Secondly, the origin and current situation of ecological migration in southern Shaanxi are analyzed, and the natural geographical characteristics of southern Shaanxi are analyzed. In the analysis of economic and social characteristics and natural disasters it is very necessary to study the background characteristics and current situation of ecological migration in southern Shaanxi. Third, the paper analyzes the cost burden of the government and immigrants in the relocation from the point of view of monetary cost, in which the monetary cost of the government includes the cost of resettlement, the cost of public facilities and the cost of administration. The monetary cost of immigration includes the cost of resettlement, the cost of living, the cost of employment and the cost of opportunity. 4th analyzes the cost burden of government and immigrants from the perspective of non-monetary cost, in which the non-monetary cost of government includes credibility. Social stability and environmental costs, the non-monetary costs of immigrants include psychological costs, social networks and risk costs. Finally, the income of the government and immigrants in the relocation is analyzed. The income of the government includes ecological income, economic benefit and social income, while the income of immigrants includes short-term income and long-term income. Through the analysis of the cost and income of relocation, we find that there are funds. Following the problems of industry development and immigrant education and training, put forward the relevant countermeasures to solve the problems. The main conclusion of this paper is that the monetary cost burden of the government and immigrants is mainly concentrated in the resettlement cost, that is, the cost of building the house. The non-monetary cost is a kind of hidden cost. It has a long-term impact on the relocation project, in which both the government and the migrants need to deal with the hidden non-monetary costs, through the analysis of the relocation costs. The main dilemma of the government is the lack of funds and the effective use of funds. The main dilemma of migrants is the shortage of life fund and the follow-up livelihood. This paper analyzes the key factors that affect the relocation of migrants, so as to provide a reference for the cost of the government to move in the next few years, and the cost of the investment is focused. It is also expected to provide a certain reference for the relocation of regional ecological migrants.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.4

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