新疆和田地区人工柽柳大芸规模化种植的效益分析

发布时间：2018-01-31 08:00

本文关键词： 生态修复人工柽柳大芸和田地区新疆　出处：《新疆农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新疆和田地区是典型的干旱区，自然因素决定了区内各类自然生态系统中的生物量低、系统结构简单、稳定性差、易遭受破坏并且难以恢复，并体现出十分脆弱的特征。为了改善生态系统和生产条件，和田地区充分利用国家加快发展民族地区经济、大力改善生态系统的有利时机，以天然林保护为基础，人工生态林建设为突破口，逐步摸索出了一条治理沙漠、保护生态系统、发展经济新模式，并取得了巨大的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。本文在深刻认识生态修复重要性的基础上，以生态修复理论与方法为指导，充分利用文献检索获得的研究数据，采取规范与实证相结合、定量与定性相结合的研究方法，在实地调研的基础上开展研究工作，对和田地区生态修复工程相关效益进行了研究，并得出如下结论：（1）生态效益方面：人工柽柳林的种植能够增加土壤中粘粒、粉粒的含量，提高土壤的肥力，降低白昼气温日较差和相对湿度日较差，并有效的减弱风速，同时还使得当地生物多样性有所增加，，尤其是各试点县项目区内植被变化显著，盖度明显提高。（2）经济效益方面：人工柽柳大芸生态修复项目的实施，使农民可利用的土地增多，农村经济重心向绿色产业转移，不仅对国民生产总值的增加起到了一定促进作用，还带动了第三产业的发展，使产业结构在向多元化的合理方向调整；同时，也推动着地方财政收入和人均年收入持续增长，使经济得到迅速发展，农民得到的实惠越来越多。（3）社会效益方面：人工柽柳大芸生态修复项目的实施，解决了生态林建设不能产生直接经济效益的世界性难题，开辟了和田地区区域经济增长的新途径，缓解了人口就业难的问题；同时，还改善了农民生活质量、提高了当地人口素质、密切了社会群众关系，使社会秩序和社会风气向良好的方向发展，人民总体满意度得到大幅度提升。总而言之，本次研究积极探索了人工柽柳大芸生态修复的模式，科学地分析和评价生态修复项目实施后为和田地区带来的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益，为生态修复工程的推广和应用提供重要的理论依据，为自治区及和田地区政府相关部门决策提供科学依据，而且对促进区域农、林业的可持续发展具有一定的现实指导意义。
[Abstract]:Hetian region in Xinjiang is a typical arid area. Natural factors determine the low biomass, simple system structure, poor stability, easy to be destroyed and difficult to recover in all kinds of natural ecosystems in this region. In order to improve the ecosystem and production conditions, Hotan region makes full use of the state to speed up the development of the national economy, and vigorously improve the ecosystem. Based on the protection of natural forest and the construction of artificial ecological forest as a breakthrough, a new mode of controlling desert, protecting ecosystem and developing economy has been gradually found out, and great ecological benefits have been obtained. Economic and social benefits. Based on the deep understanding of the importance of ecological restoration, this paper takes the theory and method of ecological restoration as the guidance, makes full use of the research data obtained by literature retrieval, and adopts the combination of norms and empirical evidence. Based on the field investigation, the quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to study the benefits of the ecological restoration project in Hotan area. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Ecological benefits: the planting of artificial Tamarix chinensis forest can increase the content of clay and silt in soil, improve soil fertility, reduce the daily range of temperature and relative humidity, and effectively weaken the wind speed. At the same time, it also increased the local biodiversity, especially the vegetation change and coverage in the pilot counties. 2) Economic benefits: the implementation of the ecological rehabilitation project of Tamarix chinensis has increased the amount of land available to farmers and shifted the focus of rural economy to green industry. It not only promotes the increase of GNP, but also promotes the development of tertiary industry, and makes the industrial structure adjust in the direction of diversification. At the same time, it also promotes the local financial revenue and per capita annual income to continue to increase, so that the economy has been rapid development, farmers get more and more benefits. Social benefits: the implementation of Tamarix chinensis ecological restoration project solves the worldwide problem that ecological forest construction can not produce direct economic benefits, and opens up a new way of regional economic growth in Hotan area. Alleviates the population employment difficult problem; At the same time, the quality of life of the peasants has been improved, the quality of the local population has been improved, and the relations among the masses have been close, so that the social order and social atmosphere have been developed in a good direction, and the overall satisfaction of the people has been greatly improved. In a word, this study actively explored the ecological restoration model of artificial Tamarix chinensis, and scientifically analyzed and evaluated the ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits brought by the implementation of ecological restoration project for Hotan area. It provides an important theoretical basis for the promotion and application of ecological restoration engineering, provides scientific basis for the decision-making of the relevant government departments in the autonomous region and Hotan area, and promotes the regional agriculture. The sustainable development of forestry has certain realistic guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S793.5;F326.2

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