湖南省郴州市苏仙区矿区重金属污染综合治理措施研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 23:31

本文选题：玛瑙山矿区　切入点：重金属污染　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湘江流域位于湖南省的东部和南部，流域内涉重金属产业历史悠久，长期以来，由于产业结构不合理，发展模式粗放以及监督管理不到位等原因，造成了严重的重金属污染。郴州是湘江流域重金属污染的主要源头，是我国著名的有色金属之乡，采选矿历史悠久，大小有色金属采选冶企业几乎遍布郴州全境。郴州苏仙区西河流域矿产资源十分丰富，玛瑙山矿区是西河流域重金属污染主要的源头，论文以苏仙区玛瑙山矿区为例研究矿区重金属污染的治理措施，玛瑙山矿区范围内由于长期乱采乱挖，导致大量植被被破坏，水土流失严重，大多数的尾砂堆场和废石场建设不规范，下游西河被污染，河道淤塞，污染周边环境。研究苏仙区玛瑙山矿区的重金属污染综合治理措施对苏仙区西河流域乃至湘江流域的重金属污染治理具有重要意义。本研究根据现场查勘和收资的成果，首先研究苏仙区玛瑙山矿区的区域与项目区概况，其次了解郴州市环保局以及苏仙区环保局等相关部门对矿区重金属治理的现状及要求，并通过对矿区地表水水质、地下水质、土壤和河道底泥进行监测，详细掌握矿区现在存在的重金属污染情况，从而分析因重金属污染而导致的环境问题，进而提出可行的治理措施。通过研究对玛瑙山矿区重金属污染采取的主要治理措施有：整治玛瑙山矿区内17座无主尾砂堆场，共妥善处置尾砂204万t；对6.55万m3废石；对矿区西河上游3.0km河道尾砂进行填埋处置；完善矿区坡面排水系统和矿区集中排水沟；对矿区开采破坏区进行生态修复。工程全部实施后，每年可减少Pb、Cd、As3种重金属减排总量约50kg。玛瑙山矿区重金属污染综合治理项目的实施可以明显改善玛瑙山矿区及周边的生态环境，保障人民群众身体健康，体现了安全、资源、环境相统一的指导思想，具有十分显著的环境效益和社会效益。主要的环境效益：减少重金属污染，改善湘江流域水质；减少水土流失，保护和恢复矿区生态环境；保护和恢复矿区及周边景观环境；保护和恢复矿区及周边景观环境。社会效益：减轻滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害对农田、村庄的破坏，有效地保护地方生产、生活设施，，对促进社会安定团结、建设和谐社会起到积极的作用，提升区域投资环境、促进区域经济社会可持续发展，提高矿区及周边居民的环境保护与参与意识、有利于矿区环境保护工作良性发展。
[Abstract]:The Xiangjiang River Basin is located in the east and south of Hunan Province. The basin has a long history of heavy metal industry. For a long time, due to unreasonable industrial structure, extensive development model and inadequate supervision and management, etc. Chenzhou is the main source of heavy metal pollution in the Xiangjiang River Basin and a famous township of non-ferrous metals in China. It has a long history of mining and dressing, and the large and small non-ferrous metal mining and metallurgical enterprises are almost all over the whole territory of Chenzhou. The Xihe Basin of Chenzhou Suxian District is rich in mineral resources, and the Manao Mountain mining area is the main source of heavy metal pollution in the Xihe River Basin. This paper takes the Agao Mountain Mining area of Suxian District as an example to study the treatment measures of heavy metal pollution in the mining area. In Manao Mountain mining area, because of long-term random mining and random excavation, a large number of vegetation has been destroyed, soil and water loss is serious, most of the tailings dump yard and waste rock yard construction is not standardized, the downstream Xihe River is polluted, and the river channel is silted up. To study the comprehensive treatment measures of heavy metal pollution in the mining area of Manao Mountain in Suxian District is of great significance to the treatment of heavy metal pollution in Xihe River Basin and even Xiangjiang River Basin in Suxian District. Based on the results of field survey and investment collection, this study first studies the general situation of the area and project area of agaoshan mining area in Suxian District, and then understands the current situation and requirements of heavy metal treatment in the mining area by Chenzhou Environmental Protection Bureau and Suxian District Environmental Protection Bureau, and other relevant departments, such as Chenzhou City Environmental Protection Bureau and Suxian District Environmental Protection Bureau, etc. Through monitoring the surface water quality, underground water quality, soil and river sediment in the mining area, the pollution of heavy metals in the mining area is grasped in detail, and the environmental problems caused by heavy metal pollution are analyzed. And then put forward feasible management measures. The main measures to control heavy metal pollution in Manao Mountain mining area are as follows: renovating 17 dump sites without main tailings in Manao Mountain mine area, properly disposing tailings for 2.04 million t, and treating 65,500 m ~ 3 waste rock; Landfill disposal of tailings of 3.0 km river course in the upper reaches of Xihe River, improvement of drainage system on slope and concentrated drainage ditch in mining area, ecological restoration of mining damage area in mining area. After the implementation of all the projects, the total reduction of heavy metal content of PbcdcdcdcAs3 can be reduced by about 50 kg per year. The implementation of the Manao Mountain mining area heavy metal pollution comprehensive control project can obviously improve the ecological environment of the Manao Mountain mining area and its surrounding areas, safeguard the health of the people, and embody the guiding ideology of the unity of safety, resources and environment. The main environmental benefits include reducing heavy metal pollution, improving water quality of Xiangjiang River basin, reducing soil and water loss, protecting and restoring ecological environment of mining area, protecting and restoring landscape environment in mining area and surrounding area. Protection and restoration of the mining area and its surrounding landscape environment. Social benefits: mitigation of damage to farmland and villages caused by geological disasters such as landslides, debris flows and ground collapses, effective protection of local production and living facilities, and promotion of social stability and unity, The construction of a harmonious society plays a positive role in promoting the regional investment environment, promoting the sustainable development of regional economy and society, and enhancing the environmental protection and participation consciousness of the mining area and its surrounding residents, which is conducive to the benign development of the environmental protection work in the mining area.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X753;X32

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