国际供应链对区域间二氧化碳排放溢出的影响

发布时间：2018-03-13 15:54

本文选题：二氧化碳排放的贸易　切入点：贸易中的二氧化碳排放　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球温室效应的加剧引起了人们对主要的温室气体—二氧化碳排放问题的关注。《京都议定书》是首个针对环境问题进行广泛国际合作的全球性环境协议,其划分国际碳排放责任的原则是生产责任制。但是,贸易的发展和国际分工中的垂直专业化引起的中间产品流动的增加等使得国际生产网络日趋复杂。国际贸易是全球进行资源配置的方式,但由于产品的生产过程伴随着能源的投入和二氧化碳的排放,所以国际贸易不仅引起产品在国际间的流动,而且引起了贸易中的隐含碳在国际间的流动。学术界从贸易的角度,通过对贸易中隐含碳的测算分析,对这一原则的公平性提出了质疑,并就国际碳排放责任的划分原则进行了讨论。本文运用区域间投入产出模型,基于2004年和2009年世界七大区域间的投入产出表和二氧化碳排放数据,首先对各区域经济发展、区域间贸易、各区域的能源使用效率等基本情况进行了描述性统计分析,然后计算了隐含在贸易中的二氧化碳排放(CEiT)和二氧化碳排放的贸易(TiCE)两个指标。实证结果不仅揭示了世界七大区域间二氧化碳排放溢出的本质和特点,而且说明了二氧化碳排放是如何通过国际供应链在各区域间创造和分配的。主要结论表明一个区域的二氧化碳排放不仅与其区域内的能源使用效率、生产技术水平有关,还与其在国际供应链中的位置和参与程度有关。最后,基于实证结果的分析,对国际碳排放责任划分的原则和如何在全球降低碳排放提出了几点建议。
[Abstract]:The intensification of Greenhouse Effect around the world has raised concerns about the major greenhouse gas-carbon dioxide emissions. The Kyoto Protocol is the first global environmental agreement to have extensive international cooperation on environmental issues. The principle that divides the responsibility for international carbon emissions is the responsibility of production. The development of trade and the increase in the flow of intermediate products caused by vertical specialization in international division of labor make international production networks increasingly complex. International trade is the way to allocate resources in the world. However, because the production process of products is accompanied by energy input and carbon dioxide emissions, international trade not only causes the flow of products among countries, but also the flow of implied carbon in trade. The fairness of this principle is questioned through the calculation and analysis of the implied carbon in trade, and the principle of dividing the responsibility of international carbon emissions is discussed. In this paper, the interregional input-output model is used. Based on the input-output tables and carbon dioxide emission data of the seven largest regions of the world in 2004 and 2009, the paper first carries out a descriptive statistical analysis of the economic development, interregional trade and energy efficiency of each region. Then we calculate the two indexes of carbon dioxide emission implied in trade (CEIT) and trade carbon dioxide emissions (TiCEE). The empirical results not only reveal the nature and characteristics of carbon dioxide emission spillover among seven regions of the world. It also illustrates how carbon dioxide emissions are created and distributed across regions through international supply chains. The main findings indicate that carbon dioxide emissions in a region are not only related to energy efficiency and production technology levels within its region, Finally, based on the analysis of empirical results, some suggestions on how to reduce carbon emissions in the world are put forward on the basis of the principle of responsibility division of international carbon emissions and how to reduce carbon emissions globally.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F746

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