南美洲安全化进程：南美国家联盟案例研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 15:38

本文选题：一体化　切入点：区域安全复合体理论　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：区域一体化进程是全球化时代最引人瞩目的现象之一。现在南美地区已经出现了类似的趋势，并且学术界一直在尝试理解南美地区的一体化进程并试图将其理论化。有关南美一体化进程的文献可以依据一些基本因素来进行划分，这些基本因素包含很多组织团体,而这些团体组织是南美一体化进程背后的可靠力量。有趣的是，尽管南美地区各个国家有着快速和巨大的发展，可是南美地区一体化进程却是缓慢的，那么什么因素能够使该区域的国家有效地开展一体化进程呢。在分析国防和国际安全现象时，“国际安全复合体理论”对促使从区域层面接受这些现象发挥了重要的作用。然而，正如布赞（Buzan）和奥利·维夫（W ver）所描述那样，由于对南美地区特殊动力机制的错误理解，南美地区的“区域安全复合体理论”似乎是有限的，甚至是过时的。本文试图通过对南美国家联盟在南美地区的主导作用的阐述，来理解南美地区的安全复合体，并以此来更新对该地区的极化描述,并更改有关该区域安全化进程中的潜在安全化者的描述。然后本文通过对南美国家联盟，特别是对南美国防委员会的实证性分析，来展示本文的理论预期结果。正如布赞和维夫对南美区域安全复合体所描述的那样，冷战之后，南美地区更具有稳定性，它走出了激进主义和军方控制政治的局面，并且特别专注于本地区的一体化进程。无论如何，冷战之后，南美地区不再像以前那样受控于美国。此外，南美国家正努力建立一种均势，来摆脱美国对南美的影响。根据布赞和维夫的观点，南美地区与美国关系的变化在很大程度上与美国对自身优先事务的安排有关。9·11事件（2001）使美国在南美地区角色的发生了变化，美国摆脱了严格的区域位置限制，如同反恐战争一般，美国以“禁毒战争”作为国际正当理由介入了南美地区。尽管许多学者认为“禁毒战争”会导致南美过度军事化，并且会引起南美地区国家的担心，，但是这种现象最终并没有发生。而哥伦比亚危机的影响其实是多面的，它也影响了整个南美地区的区域复合体进程。另外布赞和维夫认为，南美地区将会出现潜在的政治不稳定趋势，例如，查韦斯（Chavez）政府在支持哥伦比亚叛乱分子和申请加入南方共同市场之间摇摆不定。一些理论家认为，和其他地区相比南美地区更具有稳定性，而这在很大程度上与巴西在南美的霸权稳定角色有关。19世纪末20世纪初之后，巴西成为维护南美地区稳定的关键力量，其倾向于建立“外交网络”并且在区域稳定和合作方面与其他南美国家有着强烈的共同利益。要想认清南美区域复合体的内聚力有多大，应从其区域水平的联合行动来检验。尽管南美国家在区域说教下坚持不干涉原则，但是在必要的时候它们还会让美国实施干预措施。然而，国外的干预以及南美国家各国国情和利益的差异最终成为南美地区主义形成的最大障碍。在南美区域经济一体化因素和南美的安全议程因素结合在一起之后，布赞和维夫认为，从南美国家角度来看，南美国家联盟应该担任起该区域的安全化者的角色。尽管存在差异，而且南美区域共同体有着解体的危险，但是该区域的一些国家仍然致力于在南美区域机构之间保持团结。问题是南美国家是否会努力开创一种可供选择的解决方案，这一方案将避免美国在该地区大规模的存在，并会将其多边化。尽管多次强调，区域机构的未来角色在南美区域复合体中的重要性。但有些问题，如毒品走私，虽然现在是作为一个区域分裂因素而存在，但它最终会成为南美地区的凝聚因素。南美的区域动力从来没有强大到足以推动南美国家来塑造其内部的安全发展模式，尤其在南美根本没有强烈的极化的事实下。
[Abstract]:The process of regional integration is one of the most striking phenomena in the era of globalization. Now there is similar trend in South America, and the academic circles have been trying to understand the integration process in South America and try to theorize it.
The South American Integration literature can be based on some basic factors to be divided, these basic factors include many organizations, and these organizations is a reliable force behind the South American integration process. Interestingly, although each country in South America has a fast and great development, but the South American integration process is slow, so what the factors can make the countries in the region to effectively carry out the integration process.
In the analysis of national defense and the international security phenomenon, "international security complex theory" to promote from the regional level to accept these phenomena play an important role. However, as Buzan (Buzan) and Ollie Veff (W ver) described that, due to wrong understanding of the special dynamic mechanism of South America, South America's "regional security complex the theory seems to be limited, or even obsolete.
This paper attempts to understand the leading role of the association of South American countries in South America, to understand the security complex in South America, and to update the polarization description of the area, and to change the description of potential security agents in the process of securing the region.
Then this paper shows the theoretical expectation of this article through the empirical analysis of the South American National Alliance, especially the South American National Defense Commission.
As described by Barry Buzan and VIV of South American regional security complex that, after the cold war, America has more stability, it is out of the control of political radicalism and military situation, with particular attention to the integration process in the region.
In any case, after the cold war, South America is no longer controlled by the United States as before. Besides, South American countries are trying to create a balance of power to get rid of the impact of the US on South America.
According to Barry Buzan and Weaver, relationship between South America and the United States to a large extent with the United States on their own priorities for.9 / 11 (2001) the role of the United States in the South American region has changed, the United States from the location of strict restrictions, such as the war on terrorism, the United States to "drug the war" as justification for international intervention in South America.
Although many scholars believe that the "war on drugs" will lead to excessive militarization of South America, and will cause the South American countries worry about this phenomenon, but ultimately did not happen. And the impact of the crisis in Columbia is multifaceted, it also affected the entire South American regional complex process.
In addition to Buzan and weaver that South America will be a potential political instability, for example, Chavez (Chavez) government wavering between support Columbia insurgents and application to join the southern common market.
Some theorists argue that compared with other regions in South America has more stability, and to a large extent with the Brazil in the South America.19 about the role of hegemonic stability at the end of the century at the beginning of twentieth Century, Brazil has become the key to maintaining the strength of South American regional stability, which tend to establish a "diplomatic network" and in terms of regional stability and cooperation with other South American the state has a strong common interests.
To identify the cohesive force of the South American regional complex, we should test it from the joint action at its regional level. Although South American countries adhere to the principle of non-interference under regional preaching, they will also intervene in the us when necessary.
However, the difference of foreign intervention and South American countries, national conditions and interests eventually become the biggest obstacle to the formation of South American regionalism. Together after the security agenda factors of regional economic integration in South America and South America factors, Buzan and Weaver, from the South American country perspective, the union of South American countries should assume security of the region. Role.
Despite the differences, but there is a danger of the disintegration of the South American regional community, but some countries in the region remains committed to maintain unity between South American regional institutions. The question is whether South American countries will try to create an alternative solution, this solution will avoid the United States in the region there are a large, and will the multilateral.
Although many times emphasized the importance of the future role of regional institutions in the South American regional complex, some problems, such as drug smuggling, now exist as a regional divisive factor, but it will eventually become a cohesive factor in South America.
Regional dynamics in South America are never strong enough to push South American countries to shape their internal security development models, especially in South America, where there is no strong polarization at all.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D814.1

【相似文献】