G108秦岭灾害天气和地质灾害监测预警研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 11:26

本文选题：地质灾害　切入点：预警模型　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：陕西地区地质灾害发生频繁，造成了较多的人员伤亡和财产损失，给人民的生命和财产带来严重的威胁，从而制约区域的经济可持续发展。气象因素是诱发该类灾害发生的主要自然因素，且该类灾害发生具有突发性和不确定性。对地质灾害实施自动监测预警是防灾减灾的重要举措，可以极大地提高灾害防治水平。尽管经过多年的研究与实践，成功的避免了一些地质灾害的发生，但因此类灾害的突发性和复杂性，地质灾害预警仍然面临许多难题。本文选取G108陕西重点地段为研究区域，在充分总结归纳国内外已有的相关研究成果、参阅各地区监测预警成功经验的基础上，针对陕西地质灾害防治工作的实际需求，在陕西省地质灾害自动监测预警项目资助下开展研究工作，旨在建立陕西地质灾害监测预警系统，为公路灾害管理部门的工作提供科学参考，，为在全省乃至全国范围内类似条件下的灾害监测预警提供技术服务和管理示范的作用。本文在综述国内外关于地质灾害监测预警研究现状的基础上，主要以崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害为主要研究对象，建立陕西省地质灾害监测预警系统，主要从地质灾害综合自动监测、预测预警模型、灾害数据库建设、开发监测预警平台四个方面开展研究。首先，对研究区地质环境条件、地质灾害类型及发育特征进行阐述。其次，本文对地质气象灾害监测预警的主要方法及模型进行了探讨，并对各自的应用性进行简要分析，为气象地质灾害监测预警系统的研究与开发奠定了理论基础。然后，在以已调查路段的灾害数据结合监测预警的数据特点和系统功能需求的基础上，完成了系统的数据库框架结构和建库模式设计，实现了多种数据类型的一体化管理。最后，经过对系统用户详细调查与分析，进行合理的系统总体结构、详细功能及系统界面设计，实现了模块化主体结构，设计实现了数据采集、数据处理分析、预警预报、信息发布、应急指挥、地图展示、地质灾害工程管理等多个子系统功能，同时实现了系统的显示、查询、数据输出等功能。
[Abstract]:The frequent occurrence of geological disasters in Shaanxi region has caused more casualties and property losses, and brought serious threats to people's lives and property, thus restricting the sustainable development of regional economy.The meteorological factor is the main natural factor that induces this kind of disaster, and the occurrence of this kind of disaster is sudden and uncertain.Automatic monitoring and early warning of geological hazards is an important measure for disaster prevention and mitigation, which can greatly improve the level of disaster prevention and control.Although many years of research and practice have successfully avoided the occurrence of some geological disasters, but because of the sudden and complexity of such disasters, geological disaster early warning still faces many difficulties.This paper selects G108 Shaanxi key area as the research area, on the basis of summing up and summing up the existing relevant research results at home and abroad, referring to the successful experiences of monitoring and early warning in various regions, aiming at the actual demand of geological disaster prevention and control work in Shaanxi.In order to establish a geological hazard monitoring and early warning system in Shaanxi Province and provide a scientific reference for the work of highway disaster management departments, research work has been carried out under the funding of the Shaanxi Provincial Geological disaster automatic Monitoring and early warning Project.It can provide technical service and management demonstration for the disaster monitoring and early warning in the whole province and even in the whole country.On the basis of summarizing the present situation of geological hazard monitoring and early warning research at home and abroad, this paper mainly takes collapse, landslide and debris flow disaster as the main research object, and establishes the geological hazard monitoring and warning system of Shaanxi Province.The research is mainly carried out from four aspects, such as comprehensive automatic monitoring of geological hazards, prediction and early warning model, construction of disaster database and development of monitoring and early warning platform.First of all, the geological environment conditions, geological hazard types and development characteristics of the study area are described.Secondly, this paper discusses the main methods and models of geological and meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning, and briefly analyzes their application, which lays a theoretical foundation for the research and development of meteorological geological disaster monitoring and early warning system.Then, on the basis of the data characteristics of monitoring and early warning and the requirement of system function, the database frame structure and database pattern design of the system are completed, and the integrated management of many kinds of data types is realized.Finally, through the detailed investigation and analysis to the system user, the reasonable system overall structure, the detailed function and the system interface design are carried out, the modularization main body structure is realized, the data collection, the data processing analysis, the early warning forecast are designed and realized.Information release, emergency command, map display, geological hazard engineering management and other sub-system functions are implemented, such as system display, query, data output and so on.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P694;P429

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