美国自由贸易协定中劳工标准问题研究及对我国的启示
发布时间:2018-04-18 16:30
本文选题:劳工标准 + 自由贸易协定 ; 参考:《山东大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:近年来,随着经济一体化趋势日益加强,不仅导致商品、资本在全球范围内的自由流动,还导致劳务的自由流动,尤其是发展中国家大量的劳动力进入国际市场,给发达国家的就业带来不小的竞争压力。于是国际社会将更多的目光聚焦于劳工标准。而关于国际劳工标准是否应与与贸易挂钩的争论也愈演愈烈,不仅成为各个学者争论的焦点,更成为发达国家和欠发达国家之间博弈的焦点。美国作为第一大经济体,更是实现劳工标准与贸易挂钩的先行者。在WTO成立之初,美国就积极推动将劳工条款纳入多边贸易体制,因遭到大多数发展中国家的强烈抵制而无疾而终。但美国并未就此放弃,而是将目光转向了双边及区域贸易协定。从NAFTA开始,美国在其后对外签署的自由贸易协定中,全部要求写入劳工标准的内容,包括权利保护范围、双方义务、组织机构、争端解决程序、制裁等,对世界范围内谈判和签署自由贸易协定带来了很大影响。目前来看,在自由贸易协定中列入劳工条款已成为不争的事实。过去20年间,劳工标准被广泛应用于自由贸易协定中。不仅有发达国家,包括中国在内的广大发展中国家也不可避免地面临着在自由贸易谈判中纳入劳工标准的问题。我国作为世界上第一人口大国,劳动力资源非常丰富,但随着人口红利的不断衰减,未来这一优势会逐渐减小。在区域经济一体化的浪潮中,我国也加入了将劳工标准纳入自由贸易协定的队伍中。今后,在与发达国家进行自贸谈判时,劳工标准已无法回避。因此,面对我国经济转型和亟需保护劳工权益的情况下,我们需要借鉴一些经验来探索出自己的道路。美国是将劳工标准与贸易挂钩实践得最成功的国家,它有一套属于自己的劳工标准体系。本文通过分析美国自由贸易协定中劳工标准的主要内容,即它们的权利保护范围、权利保护水平、劳工保障机制以及争端解决程序等,分析出美国FTA中纳入劳工标准的特点、作用和缺陷,从而为我国FTA中纳入劳工标准提供借鉴。本文共分为三个部分:第一部分为美国自由贸易协定中的劳工标准概述。这部分主要介绍贸易与劳工挂钩的南北之争、美国自由贸易协定中劳工标准的发展进程以及美国自由贸易协定中纳入劳工标准的原因分析,从而对劳工标准在美国自由贸易协定中的发展有一个全方位的了解。第二部分为美国自由贸易协定中劳工标准条款研究。这一部分主要通过介绍美国FTA中劳工标准的主要内容,从而分析出美国FTA劳工标准的主要特点、作用和缺陷,为我国提供借鉴。第三部分为对我国的启示:中国自贸区构建劳工标准的对策。这一部分介绍我国FTA纳入劳工标准的国内外背景、我国既有FTA中劳工标准的实践、我国FTA构建劳工标准的建议,通过将我国FTA中劳工标准与美国相比较,寻找出不足,针对不足提出建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing trend of economic integration, it has led not only to the free movement of goods and capital on a global scale, but also to the free movement of services, especially the large numbers of labour in developing countries, who have entered international markets,To the employment of developed countries to bring no small competitive pressure.So the international community will focus more on labor standards.The controversy about whether the international labor standard should be linked to trade is becoming more and more serious, which not only becomes the focus of various scholars' argument, but also becomes the focus of game between developed and underdeveloped countries.As the largest economy, the United States is the first to achieve labor standards and trade-related.At the very beginning of the WTO, the United States actively pushed for the inclusion of labour provisions in the multilateral trading system, which was thwarted by strong resistance from most developing countries.But instead of giving up, the US has turned to bilateral and regional trade agreements.Since NAFTA, the United States has since signed free trade agreements with foreign countries, all of which require the inclusion of labor standards, including the scope of protection of rights, obligations of both sides, organization, dispute settlement procedures, sanctions, and so on.It has had a great impact on the negotiation and signing of free trade agreements around the world.At present, the inclusion of labor clauses in free trade agreements has become an indisputable fact.Labour standards have been widely used in free trade agreements over the past 20 years.Not only developed countries, but also developing countries, including China, are inevitably faced with the problem of including labor standards in free trade negotiations.As the world's largest populous country, China is rich in labor resources, but with the decline of the demographic dividend, this advantage will gradually decrease in the future.In the tide of regional economic integration, China has joined the ranks of free trade agreement.In the future, in free trade negotiations with developed countries, labor standards have been unavoidable.Therefore, in the face of China's economic transformation and the urgent need to protect labor rights and interests, we need to learn from some experience to explore their own way.The United States is the most successful country to link labor standards with trade. It has its own system of labor standards.This paper analyzes the main contents of labor standards in American Free Trade Agreement, including the scope of their rights protection, the level of their rights protection, the labor security mechanism and the dispute settlement procedures, and analyzes the characteristics of the labor standards included in the FTA of the United States.Function and defect, thus provide the reference for our country FTA to include the labor standard.This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is an overview of labor standards in the American Free Trade Agreement.This part mainly introduces the disputes between the north and south of the trade and labor, the development process of labor standards in the free trade agreements of the United States and the reasons for the inclusion of labor standards in the free trade agreements of the United States.Thus, the development of labor standards in the United States Free Trade Agreement has a comprehensive understanding.The second part is the research of labor standard clauses in American free trade agreement.This part mainly introduces the main content of labor standard in American FTA, and then analyzes the main characteristics, functions and defects of American FTA labor standard, and provides reference for our country.The third part is the enlightenment to our country: the countermeasure of constructing labor standard in China free trade area.This part introduces the domestic and international background that FTA is brought into labor standard in our country, the practice of labor standard in FTA in our country, the suggestion of constructing labor standard in FTA of our country, and by comparing the labor standard in FTA with that in America, we find out the deficiency.Put forward suggestions for deficiencies.
【学位授予单位】:山东大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:D971.2;DD912.5
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